HORN FLY

(Haematobia irritans), insect of the family Muscidae (order Diptera) and a serious cattle pest. Adult horn flies cluster at the base of horns and on the neck and rump of cattle and suck blood. Their attacks cause loss of weight and milk production in affected cattle. The horn fly, about half the size of the housefly, breeds only in fresh cow dung; the life cycle requires 10 to 12 days. It was carried from Europe to North America in about 1887. Control methods include the use of chemical sprays and the addition of chemicals to the cows' diet to discourage horn flies from breeding in their dung.