JOHN OF SCYTHOPOLIS

flourished 6th century Byzantine theologian and bishop of Scythopolis, in Palestine (c. 536550), whose various treatises on the person and work of Christ and commentaries on Neoplatonic philosophy sought to integrate all possible elements among contrary doctrinal positions. He is sometimes confused with a contemporary, John Philoponus, also called John the Grammarian. A learned lawyer, John composed several tracts against Monophysite teaching, a heretical doctrine maintaining a single, divine nature in Christ subsuming his humanity. His major work was a treatise, written c. 530, defending the theory (termed dioenergism) of Christ's dual source of vital activity, human and divine, against his contemporary Severus of Antioch, a Monophysite leader. Another work attacked the early-5th-century heretic Eutyches, one of the founders of Monophysitism. John was the first Christian author to annotate and defend the orthodoxy of the writings of the influential 5th-century Greek Neoplatonist Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, in a commentary composed c. 532 and preserved in both Greek and Syriac versions. Doctrinally John is termed neo-Chalcedonian in that on one hand he sustained the Christological teaching of the general council of Chalcedon (451) and its affirmation of the dual, humandivine nature in Christ; on the other he integrated with this formula the orthodox tenets of Cyril of Alexandria, Egypt, and his emphasis on the predominance of the divinity in Christ's essential union.