MARTYN, EDWARD

born Jan. 30, 1859, Tulira, County Galway, Ire. died Dec. 5, 1923, Tulira Irish dramatist who with William Butler Yeats and Lady Gregory formed the Irish Literary Theatre (1899), which was part of the nationalist revival of interest in Ireland's Gaelic literary history. Martyn's admiration of the craftsmanship and intellectualism of Ibsen caused him to emulate continental drama and to advocate its production. During its three-year existence, the Irish Literary Theatre presented plays by Yeats, George Moore, and Martyn (The Heather Field and Maeve; both 1899), among others, in order to develop a Celtic and Irish school of dramatic literature. After the theatre closed, Martyn broke with the mainstream of Irish Revivalism, which led to the Abbey Theatre, because of personal conflicts and his dislike of peasant plays and Celtic twilight romanticism. In 1914 Martyn helped found the Irish Theatre in Dublin to produce nonpeasant plays, Irish-language plays, and great continental dramas. The aims of both theatres were successfully realized in the Gate Theatre (established 1928). In addition to his dramatic writing and related activities, Martyn was an ardent Catholic and nationalist. He established the Palestrina Choir in Dublin, was president of Sinn Fein from 1904 to 1908, and promoted various educational movements.