MAZZINI, GIUSEPPE

born June 22, 1805, Genoa died March 10, 1872, Pisa, Italy Genoese propagandist and revolutionary, founder of the secret revolutionary society Young Italy (1832), and a champion of the movement for Italian unity known as the Risorgimento. An uncompromising republican, he refused to participate in the parliamentary government that was established under the monarchy of the House of Savoy when Italy became unified and independent (1861). Additional reading Bolton King, Mazzini (1902, reissued with title The Life of Mazzini, 1938); and Gwilym O. Griffith, Mazzini: Prophet of Modern Europe (1932, reprinted 1970), are the best general biographies. E.E.Y. Hales, Mazzini and the Secret Societies (1956), is an excellent detailed study of the earlier years.