MORIKE, EDUARD FRIEDRICH

born Sept. 8, 1804, Ludwigsburg, Wrttemberg died June 4, 1875, Stuttgart one of Germany's greatest lyric poets, sometimes ranked next to his master J.W. von Goethe. After studying theology at Tbingen (182226), Mrike held several curacies before becoming, in 1834, pastor of Cleversulzbach, the remote Wrttemberg village immortalized in Der alte Turmhahn, where inhabitants and pastor are seen through the whimsical but percipient eyes of an old weathercock. All his life Mrike suffered from psychosomatic illnesses, which were possibly intensified by an unconscious conflict between his humanist aspirations and his church dogmas. When only 39, Mrike retired on a pension, but after his marriage to Margarete von Speeth in 1851, he supplemented his pension by lecturing on German literature at a girls' school in Stuttgart. After many years of rich literary achievement, the tensions caused by Margarete's jealousy of Clara, Mrike's sister who lived with them, almost killed his creative urge. Mrike spent his last two years with Clara and his younger daughter, separated from Margarete, and died poor and unhappy. The variety of Mrike's small output is astonishing. Everything he wrote has its own distinctive flavour, but in his early days romantic influences preponderate. His novel, Maler Nolten (1832), in addition to its stylistic perfection and psychological insight into mental unbalance, explores the realm of the subconscious and the mysterious forces linking the main character and his early love even beyond the grave. Mrike's poems in folk-song style and his fairy tales also show the influence of German romanticism, though his best folk tale, Das Stuttgarter Hutzelmnnlein (1853), is peculiarly his own, with its Swabian background and humour. In his Mozart auf der Reise nach Prag (1856), Mrike penetrates deeper into Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's personality than do many longer studies. It is, however, as a lyric poet that Mrike is at the height of his powers. Mrike worked with free rhythms, sonnets, regular stanza forms, and, more particularly in his later poems, classical metres with equal virtuosity. The Peregrina poems, immortalizing a youthful love of his Tbingen days, and the sonnets to Luise Rau, his one-time betrothed, are among the most exquisite German love lyrics.