MOTTA, GIUSEPPE

born Dec. 29, 1871, Airolo, Switz. died Jan. 23, 1940, Bern Swiss political leader, longtime head of the federal political department and five times president of the confederation. Between 1920 and 1940 he served as the chief Swiss delegate to the League of Nations. A lawyer of clerical and conservative leanings from the canton of Ticino, Motta was Nationalrat (national council) assemblyman from 1906 to 1911. In December 1911 he became the first member of the Bundesrat (federal council) from the Italian part of Switzerland since 1864. After serving as director of the department of finance from 1912 to 1919, he became head of the political department in 1920, holding the position without interruption until his death. He first achieved the federal presidency in 1915 and occupied the same office subsequently in 1920, 1927, 1932, and 1937. A consummate diplomat, he assumed control of Swiss foreign policy during the interwar period, often leaning favourably toward the fascist powers. As leader of the Swiss delegation to the League of Nations, he supported German and opposed Russian membership and sought exemption for his country from participation in League sanctions, such as those against Italy in 1935, on the grounds of Switzerland's traditional neutrality. He was named honorary president of the first League assembly (1920), president of the fifth assembly (1924), and president of the Disarmament Conference (1932).