POITIERS, BATTLE OF

(Sept. 19, 1356), the catastrophic defeat sustained by the French king John II at the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. Edward, the Black Prince, son and heir to Edward III of England, with English troops under Sir John Chandos and with Gascon troops under the Captal de Buch (Jean III de Grailly), together rather less than 7,000 men, was conducting a raid from Bordeaux into central France but was turning westward and southward from the lower Loire River valley under pursuit from John II's probably superior forces. Contact between the enemy armies was made east of Poitiers on Sept. 17, 1356; but a truce for September 18, a Sunday, enabled the English to secure themselves on the Maupertuis (Le Passage), near Nouaill south of Poitiers, where thickets and marshes surrounded the confluence of the Miosson and Clain rivers. Forgetful of the lessons of Crcy (1346), the French launched a series of assaults in which their knights, bogged down, became easy targets for the Black Prince's archers. John II himself led the last French charge and was taken prisoner. For his freedom he had to consent to the disadvantageous but inconclusive treaties of Brtigny and Calais (1360).