RATANA CHURCH

20th-century religious awakening among the New Zealand Maoris and a national political influence, especially during the period 194363, when its members held all four Maori parliamentary seats in the national capital. The Ratana church was founded by Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana, a Methodist Maori farmer who acquired a reputation as a visionary and faith healer. News of his extraordinary gifts drew Maoris (and some whites) from all parts of New Zealand, who came to hear him preach his doctrine of moral reform under the one God of the Bible. In 1920 he established an interdenominational church at the village of Ratana Pa. Ratana's movement gave new hope and a transtribal unity to the Maoris, who had many grievances against the New Zealand government. By 1920 they had lost most of their lands and had been devastated by disease and by the adverse moral and economic effects of World War I. A subject of particular bitterness was the failure of the government to fulfill its several promises to the Maoris in the Treaty of Waitangi (1840; see Waitangi, Treaty of). The association of Ratana's movement with other Christian denominations ended in 1925. The self-proclaimed Ratana church had developed a syncretic Maori Christianity, marked by heterodox rituals and an elaborate hierarchy of religious officials; hymns and prayers glorified Ratana as God's mangai (mouth-piece). Displeased by these developments, several of New Zealand's Anglican bishops denounced the new religion. Furthermore, the doctrine of faith healing discouraged the taking of medicines, a fact that alienated religious and secular authorities alike. Combining political activism with its religious beliefs, the Ratana church began to sponsor political candidates in 1922. Although it was not until 1931 that a Ratana candidate was elected, the churchallying itself with the country's Labour Partyeventually established a position in which it could exercise some political power. In the 1960s the church renewed relationships with other Christian churches in New Zealand and reemphasized the original biblical principles of Ratana. The church also gathered many white adherents.