SHEPPARD, JACK

born December 1702, Stepney, Eng. died Nov. 16, 1724, London byname of John Sheppard 18th-century English thief who managed four spectacular escapes from London prisons and became a favourite figure in verse, popular plays, romances, and burlesques. His father having died when he was a child, Sheppard was brought up in a workhouse; he learned to read and write but fell into the company of thieves and prostitutes in Drury Lane and turned to a life of petty crime. On April 24, 1724, he was seized and committed to St. Giles Roundhouse, from which he soon escaped. More thefts were followed by another incarceration, in New Prison, from which he again escaped on May 25, ridding himself of irons, cutting through bars, descending one wall, and scaling another. Thefts, highway robberies, and burglaries continued until he was betrayed by London's master informer and crime lord, Jonathan Wild (q.v.), and captured on July 23. Tried and condemned to death, he again escaped from the jails at Old Bailey, aided by a file smuggled to him by his girlfriend Poll Maggot. He was seized a fourth time on September 10 and housed in solitary in the strongest part of Newgate Prison. Manacled to the floor he nevertheless broke his chains, climbed a chimney, forced several bolted doors, then returned to his cell to get a blanket for rope, returned to the upper levels, and descended a wall to freedom. The next days found him pilfering and burgling, followed by a drunken bout that led to his capture and return to prison. On November 16 his hanging at Tyburn was reportedly witnessed by 200,000 people.