TUNBRIDGE WELLS

town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Kent, England. It lies about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of London. The borough encompasses a largely rural area in the southwestern part of Kent. The town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, now included in the borough of Tunbridge Wells, grew up as a spa after a medicinal spring (containing mild chalybeate waters) was discovered at the site in 1606. The spa drew added popularity from its location on several hills of the wooded district known as The Weald. The springs, or wells, lie at one end of the colonnaded promenade known as the Pantiles Parade, which was first paved in 1700. From then until the early Regency period, when it was superseded by the seaside resort of Brighton, Tunbridge Wells was one of the chief resorts of fashionable London society. It reached its height under the dandy Richard Beau Nash and was patronized by Colley Cibber, Samuel Johnson, David Garrick, and Sir Joshua Reynolds, among others. The Pantiles Parade, with other 17th-century features, is preserved beside the Church of St. Charles the Martyr (1684). Tunbridge Wells was designated a royal borough in 1889 and added Royal to its name in 1909. During and after World War II it grew in importance as a shopping and administrative centre, and it also has some light industry. The making of Tunbridge warei.e., tables, boxes, and toys made of such veneered hardwoods as beech, sycamore, and cherrydeclined during the 20th century. Area, borough, 128 square miles (331 square km). Pop. (1991) town, 60,272; (1998 est.) borough, 102,700.