UPDIKE, JOHN (HOYER)

born March 18, 1932, Shillington, Pa., U.S. American writer of novels, short stories, and poetry, known for his careful craftsmanship and realistic but subtle depiction of American, Protestant, small-town, middle-class life. Updike grew up in Shillington, Pa., and many of his early stories draw on his youthful experiences. He graduated from Harvard University in 1954. In 1955 he began an association with The New Yorker magazine, to which he contributed editorials, poetry, stories, and criticism throughout his prolific career. His poetryintellectual, witty pieces on the absurdities of modern lifewas gathered in his first book, The Carpentered Hen and Other Tame Creatures (1958), which was followed by his first novel, The Poorhouse Fair (1958). About this time, Updike devoted himself to writing fiction full-time, and several works followed. Rabbit, Run (1960), which is considered to be one of his best novels, concerns a former star athlete who is unable to recapture success when bound by marriage and small-town life and flees responsibility. Three subsequent novels, Rabbit Redux (1971), Rabbit is Rich (1981), and Rabbit at Rest (1990)the latter two winning Pulitzer Prizesfollow the same character during later periods of his life. The Centaur (1963) and Of the Farm (1965) are notable among Updike's novels set in Pennsylvania. Most of his later fiction is set in New England, where (in Ipswich, Mass.) he lived from the 1960s. Updike continued to explore the issues that confront middle-class Americaissues such as fidelity, religion, and responsibility. His later novels include Couples (1968), Bech: A Book (1970), Marry Me (1976), The Coup (1976), The Witches of Eastwick (1984), and Memories of the Ford Administration, A Novel (1992). His several collections of short stories include The Same Door (1959), Pigeon Feathers (1962), Museums and Women (1972), Problems (1979), and Trust Me (1987). Updike also wrote nonfiction and criticism, much of it appearing in The New Yorker magazine. It has been collected in Assorted Prose (1965), Picked-Up Pieces (1975), Hugging the Shore (1983), and Odd Jobs (1991). He also continued to write poetry, usually light verse.