VALE ROYAL

borough, administrative and historic county of Cheshire, England. It is named for a great Cistercian abbey built by Edward I near the present village of Whitegate. The borough is centred on the Cheshire salt field in the middle of the county. Its two main towns, Winsford and Northwich, were both founded on salt production; Northwich was important for salt as early as Roman times. In the 18th and 19th centuries the uncontrolled extraction of salt caused much subsidence both in the countryside and among the buildings of Northwich. The modern chemical industry of the borough is still based on brine products. Winsford is famous for its rock salt mine, the only one still in production in the county, although extraction has declined. The borough has abundant agricultural land that is especially important for dairying. In the west, Delamere Forest, the remnant of a great medieval hunting ground, is an important recreational area. Area 147 square miles (381 square km). Pop. (1998 est.) 117,800.