INDEX:
1. to include someone or something
2. to include more than one subject, period etc
3. included in a price
4. including someone or something
5. to deliberately include something or someone
6. to not include someone or something
7. when a number, total, or price does not include something
RELATED WORDS
see also
↑ CONTAIN
↑ CONSIST OF
↑ HAVE/NOT HAVE
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1. to include someone or something
▷ include /ɪnˈkluːd/ [transitive verb not in progressive]
if a group of people, things, ideas etc includes someone or something, it has them as one of its parts :
▪ Our tour party included several young families.
▪ Symptoms of the disease include tiredness and loss of memory.
▪ Today’s programme will include a workshop on language learning games.
▷ contain /kənˈteɪn/ [transitive verb not in progressive]
to include particular ideas, images, or information - use this about books, films, reports etc :
▪ The film contains some very unpleasant scenes of violence.
▪ Her report contained some interesting suggestions.
▪ All computer manuals should contain a list giving addresses of suppliers.
▷ among /əˈmʌŋ/ [preposition]
someone or something that is among a group of similar people, things, ideas etc is one of the people or things in the group :
▪ The prime minister was among the 300 people who attended the funeral.
▪ Among the collection of photographs are two taken in Hamburg in 1911.
among whom/which
▪ There were about twenty spectators, among whom were Bill, Maria and myself.
▷ range from something to /ˈreɪndʒ frɒm something tuː/ [verb phrase]
if prices, levels, temperatures etc range from one amount to another amount, they include both these amounts and anything in between :
▪ Prices range from $10 to $500,000.
▪ Levels of disability may range from very slight hearing problems to total deafness.
2. to include more than one subject, period etc
▷ cover /ˈkʌvəʳ/ [transitive verb]
to include or deal with more than one subject, period etc at the same time :
▪ His book on European history covers the period from 1914 to 2001.
▪ The course lasts two years and covers seven basic subjects.
cover a wide range/variety of something
▪ The term RSI - repetitive strain injury - covers a wide variety of painful hand and arm conditions.
▷ encompass /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ [transitive verb] formal
to include or deal with a very wide range of ideas, subjects etc :
▪ The Hindu religion encompasses many widely differing forms of worship.
▪ It was a fruitful discussion which encompassed several different viewpoints.
▷ embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ [transitive verb] formal
if a word or way of describing something embraces several things, they are all included within its meaning :
▪ The word "culture' embraces both artistic and sociological aspects of a society.
▪ The category "kinsmen' also embraces grandparents and grandchildren.
▷ span /spæn/ [transitive verb]
if a book, film, plan etc spans a period of time, it goes from the beginning to the end of that time :
▪ "Heimat' is a vivid social drama spanning sixty years in the life of one small village.
▪ In a career spanning four decades, Brewster had many legal triumphs.
3. included in a price
▷ include /ɪnˈkluːd/ [transitive verb]
if a price you pay for something includes something else, you do not have to pay more for that thing :
▪ The price of the computer includes £500 worth of free software.
▪ The toy has flashing lights and a siren noise, but batteries are not included.
be included in something
▪ You don’t have to pay for your flights - they’re included in the price of your holiday.
▷ come with /ˈkʌm wɪð/ [transitive phrasal verb]
if something that you buy comes with another thing, the second thing is always included when you buy the first :
▪ The luxury model comes with a matching metal carrying case.
▪ Most new cars now come with a driver’s airbag as standard.
▷ inclusive especially British also all-inclusive especially American /ɪnˈkluːsɪv, ˌɔːl ɪnˈkluːsɪv◂/ [adjective]
an inclusive price or cost includes everything :
▪ The inclusive cost of the car, complete with tax and insurance, is £9,800.
£50/$100 etc inclusive
▪ The cost of the flights, accommodation and car rental is two thousand dollars all-inclusive.
▪ At a cost of $25 per person per night inclusive, bed and breakfast accommodation is fairly cheap.
4. including someone or something
▷ including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ [preposition]
▪ There’ll be eighteen people at the party, including you and me.
▪ Including weekends, there are only twelve more shopping days until Christmas.
▪ Not including cassettes, he has eight thousand albums in his collection.
▷ counting /ˈkaʊntɪŋ/ [preposition] especially spoken
including :
▪ Counting the one I’ve just bought, I now have three hundred different sets of playing cards.
▪ Counting Singapore, where we stopped to refuel, we’ve visited eleven countries in three weeks.
▷ with /wɪð, wɪθ/ [preposition]
including a number or amount added to a final total, list etc :
▪ With tax, the hotel bill came to four hundred dollars.
▪ With Peter and his mother, there’ll be six for lunch tomorrow.
▪ ‘Our rooms cost $30 a night.’ ‘Is that with breakfast?’
▷ inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ [adjective]
April to June inclusive/15 to 20 inclusive etc
including all dates, ages, numbers etc between the two mentioned :
▪ The library will be closed from April to June inclusive.
▪ Children aged 9 to 16 inclusive are welcome to enrol on the course.
▷ included /ɪnˈkluːdɪd, ɪnˈkluːdəd/ [adjective]
myself/John/the Chairman etc included
including the person you have mentioned :
▪ We’re all going to the game, Betty included!
▪ Everyone, the chairman included, eats in the staff restaurant.
5. to deliberately include something or someone
▷ include /inˈkluːd/ [transitive verb]
▪ Even if you include the cost of food, it’s still a cheap vacation.
▪ The team is looking strong, especially now that they have included Roscoe.
include something in/on something
▪ I have included two jazz numbers in my selection.
inclusion /ɪnˈkluːʒ ə n/ [uncountable noun]
▪ Watson’s inclusion in the US athletics team has caused much controversy.
▷ work in/into /ˌwɜːʳk ˈɪn, ˈwɜːʳk ˈɪntuː/ [transitive phrasal verb] informal
if you work something into a plan, speech, product etc, you include it so that it becomes part of it :
work in something
▪ Do you think you can work in a reference to our project?
work something into something
▪ Boorman was once a director able to work his obsessions into movies like ‘Point Blank’ and ‘Deliverance’.
▪ the sort of facilities currently being worked into the latest software releases
▷ incorporate /ɪnˈkɔːʳpəreɪt/ [transitive verb]
to deliberately include something so that it combines well with the other parts of the thing it is in :
▪ We have incorporated a users’ guide with the software.
incorporate something in/into something
▪ The architect has incorporated Egyptian and Renaissance themes in the building’s design.
6. to not include someone or something
▷ leave out /ˌliːv ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb]
to not include someone or something, either deliberately or accidentally :
leave somebody/something out of something
▪ Fans were shocked that Giggs had been left out of the team.
leave out somebody/something
▪ He briefly told us what had happened, leaving out the more gruesome details.
leave somebody/something out
▪ I went through a list of people to be thanked, and hoped I hadn’t left anyone out.
▷ exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ [transitive verb] formal
to deliberately not include someone or something, especially in a way that seems wrong or unfair :
▪ The new law protects most workers, but excludes those on part-time contracts.
exclude somebody from something
▪ She felt they were deliberately excluding her from their plans.
▷ omit /əʊˈmɪt, ə-/ [transitive verb] formal
to not include something, especially a piece of information, either deliberately or because you forget :
▪ Please do not omit any details, however trivial they may seem.
omit something from something
▪ Sara’s name had been omitted from the list of employees.
▷ miss out /ˌmɪs ˈaʊt/ [transitive phrasal verb] British
to not include someone or something that should be included, often by mistake :
miss out somebody/something
▪ You missed out several important facts.
miss somebody/something out
▪ Those are the people I’m inviting. Did I miss anyone out?
▷ drop /drɒpǁdrɑːp/ [transitive verb] informal
to suddenly remove something or someone from a list, plan etc, because there is a good reason for not including them :
▪ I don’t think this article will be of interest to our readers. Let’s drop it.
drop something from something
▪ The coach just announced that Henri will be dropped from the team.
7. when a number, total, or price does not include something
▷ exclusive of something /ɪkˈskluːsɪv əv something/ [adverb]
not including something - used especially on official documents, advertisements etc :
▪ The rent is £80 a week, exclusive of bills.
▪ The fully fitted kitchen costs $5,000, exclusive of tax.
▷ excepted /ɪkˈseptɪd, ɪkˈseptəd/ [adjective only after noun] formal
not including :
▪ English excepted, Peter has made good progress in all his subjects this term.
▪ Gardening excepted, she does very little in the way of good regular exercise.