noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a clause/provision in the constitution (= a rule or condition in it )
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The provision in the European constitution that limited women's roles in the military was found to be discriminatory.
dependent clause
independent clause
main clause
opt-out clause
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an opt-out clause
penalty clause
relative clause
restrictive clause
subordinate clause
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
dependent
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This should be written in short grammatical sentences with the minimum of dependent clauses .
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The example below uses an independent and dependent clause .
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The dependent clause functions as a substitution item in a frame, the frame being the rest of the sentence.
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What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses ?
general
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A general exclusion clause which excludes liability altogether is thus very unlikely to be reasonable under s 3.
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Second, the text shows that it was important to know whether the general clause applied or not.
independent
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The example below uses an independent and dependent clause .
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Frye wrote the words independent clause and subordinate clause on the board.
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What is the ratio of dependent to independent clauses ?
main
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The main clause elements are subject, predicator, object, complement, and adjunct.
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However, when a subordinate clause follows a main clause this additional processing load does not occur.
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Also, they commonly appear as subordinate elements in a sentence where the main clause indicates the speaker.
new
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Mr. Wilson: The new clause and amendments are primarily concerned with consumer interests.
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The new clause provides him with an opportunity to prove that he is a caring individual.
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Invariably, new clauses will come first in the order of business on Report.
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It would certainly include statements by successful movers of amendments and new clauses to Bills.
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I ask the Minister to support the new clause .
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The new clause seeks to address that specific problem.
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Our new clause 17 would establish their entitlement to rebates, which would benefit them greatly.
relative
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The most notable is the relative pronoun that, which can only be used with a restrictive relative clause .
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A relative clause counts as dependent whereas an adjective modifying a noun clearly does not.
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Moreover, as we have remarked, many relative clauses with adjectives will not give postnominal adjectives.
restrictive
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The most notable is the relative pronoun that, which can only be used with a restrictive relative clause .
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A restrictive clause in the title deed limited the land use to mission purposes.
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Intellectual property: Restrictive intellectual property clauses in employment contracts or restrictive covenants could force the brightest free workers to walk.
subordinate
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Judgments frequently consist of long paragraphs and convoluted sentences replete with subordinate clauses .
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Frye wrote the words independent clause and subordinate clause on the board.
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This seems likely, to judge from the profusion and confusion of qualifications and subordinate clauses .
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However, when a subordinate clause follows a main clause this additional processing load does not occur.
■ NOUN
escape
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He would act alone, but he would take care to provide himself with an escape clause .
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Fourth, the escape clauses it provides are likely to be far from fully effective.
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Here was the escape clause the board was looking for.
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The film strives for a surface kind of cynicism, only to invoke the Love Conquers All escape clause in the end.
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The metal employers' federation says half its members may resort to the escape clause .
exclusion
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In interpreting the clause , their lordships observed that this was a limitation of liability clause and not a complete exclusion clause.
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Having regard to future possibilities as well as present realities, an exclusion clause would be indispensable in the new system.
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The Court of Appeal held that the oral statement overrode the exclusion clause which therefore did not form part of the contract.
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The nature of the contract, contractual and tortious liabilities and the use of exclusion clauses will be considered.
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It therefore appears that an exclusion clause can apply, even to cases of fundamental breach and breach of fundamental term.
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The exclusion clause was of no effect for this breach of an express term.
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It is for this reason that a seller will usually be unable to rely on an exclusion clause printed on a receipt.
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The policy is subject to the war exclusion clause .
exemption
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As a defence, the Council pleaded an exemption clause printed on the back of the ticket.
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An exemption clause may, contrary to appearances, have little or no effect.
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Under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 any exemption clauses in the rules must be reasonable.
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The 1977 Act places severe curbs upon the effectiveness of exemption clauses of many sorts.
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The plaintiff was awarded £50 in damages. Exemption clauses are also controlled by statute.
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The sellers tried to rely upon the exemption clause .
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This means that, even though an exemption clause on its wording apparently provides a defence, it may nevertheless be ineffective.
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From this trilogy of cases the modem approach to the interpretation of exemption clauses has emerged.
penalty
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She knew she would feel a good deal less proud when she told Alice about the penalty clause .
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The defendants were liable to a penalty clause in the main contract if the work was not completed on time.
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How if at all did the existence of the penalty clause affect the consideration given by the plaintiff?
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The owners of the dredger required it to complete a contract which contained an onerous penalty clause .
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There are stiff penalty clauses for late delivery.
review
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The interrelationship of this clause with the rent review clause should be considered.
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However, most leases incorporate a rent review clause which provides for the periodic raising of the rent.
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Commercially, such a rent review clause may work to the disadvantage of either party.
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All those cases turned on the effect of particular words in the rent review clause .
■ VERB
add
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Where the seller is successful in adding his additional clause , the guarantee obviously acts as an exclusion of liability.
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The epilogue claims that Childebert added six clauses and Chlothar ten.
allow
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This clause allows provinces to be exempt from court rulings for five years.
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Some contracts, however, have cost-escalation clauses allowing the passing on of any increased costs.
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The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.
construe
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The courts were generally reluctant to construe an exclusion clause as covering cases of breach of fundamental term or fundamental breach.
contain
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Clause 9.2 of Precedent 2 contains a standard clause preventing sub-contracting.
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Operating leases also often contain cancellation clauses so that the lessee is not locked into a long-term agreement.
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At one extreme one may find a written contract containing many detailed clauses setting out the terms of the contract.
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It also contained a clause which effectively provided for its continued validity should the Soviet Union be dissolved or reconstituted.
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Explain the reasons why partnership agreements often contain clauses relating to interest, bonuses, salaries and division of profits.
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The Bill is short, containing only five clauses and two schedules, which is a good thing.
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These trust deeds usually contain an expert clause about the remuneration of the trustee appointed under the deed.
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The owners of the dredger required it to complete a contract which contained an onerous penalty clause .
hold
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The House of Lords held the clause unreasonable.
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It was held that clause 13 dearly imposed that fiduciary relationship upon the buyers.
include
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Only 14 % had received advice about including mediation clauses in contracts.
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His new deal, however, does not include clauses that would prevent him from leaving before the term is completed.
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They included clauses to devolve power by increasing the autonomy and economic power of local councils.
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Tulsa signed Self, 34, to a five-year contract that includes a buyout clause .
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Is it beyond the wit of Byers and his legal eagles to include a sunset clause in the final version?
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The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.
insert
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It is encouraging that the National Union of Journalists has now inserted an anti-ageist clause into its code of conduct.
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The newly inserted clause in the lease required a tenant to vacate the premises on 90 days notice.
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Subsequently, the Government inserted a clause of their own which went some way to meet Lord Scarman's amendment.
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He has inserted a clause into his contract which bans screenwriter Joel Silver from the set while he is working.
interpret
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In interpreting the clause , their lordships observed that this was a limitation of liability clause and not a complete exclusion clause.
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The court in interpreting the clause , leans against the seller.
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The model may be the context for interpreting the clause , but the interpretation need not be a full one.
provide
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Clause 9 provides an interesting exemption clause .
rely
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The burden of proving that a clause satisfies the reasonableness test is on the party who seeks to rely on the clause.
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The burden of proof is on the person seeking to rely on the clause .
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It is for this reason that a seller will usually be unable to rely on an exclusion clause printed on a receipt.
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The sellers tried to rely upon the exemption clause .
state
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The clause should also state the earliest date upon which the option may be exercised.
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This clause must state the company's nominal capital, and how the capital is divided into shares.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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A clause in the contract states when payment must be made.
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Courts ruled that prayer in school violates a clause of the First Amendment.
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I was told that this clause would be removed from the contract.
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In the sentence "Can you tell me what time it is?" 'Can you tell me' is the main clause , and 'what time it is' is a subordinate clause.
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We will go to the theatre tonight [main clause ] if we can get tickets [subordinate clause].
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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An important preliminary point is that the dividing line between an exclusion clause and a disclosure clause may be thin.
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However, the clause did not make this clear.
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In many cases it may be impossible to predict with certainty whether or not a particular clause will be effective.
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It also covers a selection of other contract clauses frequently encountered in many types of commercial agreement, for example confidentiality clauses.
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Later, I had cause to be grateful for that clause .
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The agreement included a clause setting up a joint committee to oversee air quality.
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The compulsory clauses of the memorandum are only part of it.
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The law includes a clause which allows a delay of one and a half years for its application for some users.