noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
emission credit
emissions trading
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
annual
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Transportation sources contributed only 31 percent of annual emissions in 1989 compared with 88 percent in 1978.
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For the domestic sector alone, this could reduce present annual CO2 emissions by almost 50 percent by the year 2020.
global
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Livestock is estimated to account for some 15 percent of global emissions of methane - one of the leading greenhouse gases.
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The estimated global emissions of carbon from fossil fuels alone have tripled since 1950.
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And even if that target is met, global emissions will still rise to 30 per cent above 1990 levels by 2010.
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Although anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide account for only half of the total global emission, they tend to be very concentrated.
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Governments, airlines and passengers should take action to curb global emissions , the report concluded.
harmful
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We will meet our international obligations to reduce harmful chimney emissions .
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Motor vehicles account for 72 percent of all harmful emissions .
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The licenses have been issued on condition that PowerGen installs equipment to remove most of the harmful emissions by 1998.
industrial
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The Board claims that environmentalists have underestimated the degree of protection afforded by clouds and industrial emissions .
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It was also one of the most polluted, both because of insufficiently controlled industrial emissions and its high density of population.
low
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Minerals giving very low intensity emission , such as quartz grains, required many minutes or even hours of exposure with fast films.
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In Johansson's model, this option produced lower emissions , but they were not low enough.
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As technology improves, thereby making it possible to set a lower emission standard, new sources face increasingly more strict controls.
national
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This situation reflects the spectacular 94 percent reduction in total national lead emissions during the 1978-89 period.
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Levels have fallen from 60.2 percent of total national carbon emissions to 49.5 percent in 1989.
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Home energy efficiency is increasingly seen as a route to a reduction in national greenhouse gas emissions .
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This trend reflects a 23 percent decrease in national carbon monoxide emissions .
reducing
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In April President Clinton pledged his administration to a target of reducing emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.
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The government is committed to reducing sulphur dioxide emissions by 60 percent to their 1980 levels by 2005.
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The bubble policy was the first implicit market-based approach to be used in reducing emissions in the United States.
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Other cost-effective ways of reducing emissions included combined heat and power for housing, factories and hospitals, and lighting efficiency.
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The government has committed itself to reducing carbon dioxide emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.
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Compliance with other countries in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is also urged.
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Chester was still trying to persuade the Committee that there was no urgency about reducing sulphur emissions .
total
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This situation reflects the spectacular 94 percent reduction in total national lead emissions during the 1978-89 period.
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Although anthropogenic emissions of sulphur dioxide account for only half of the total global emission, they tend to be very concentrated.
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The total emissions for the United Kingdom as given by the Department of the Environment are shown below.
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Levels have fallen from 60.2 percent of total national carbon emissions to 49.5 percent in 1989.
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Traffic now accounts for 51 percent of total nitrogen oxide emissions , compared to 31 percent in 1980.
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Instead, Mrs Thatcher pledged to reduce total SO2 emissions by 30 percent by the year 2000.
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In the simplest experiment the total emission is monitored as a function of excitation frequency, giving an excitation spectrum.
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The country's 22.5 million cars emit 20 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions .
toxic
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Laws about toxic emissions , like membership of regulatory bodies, have been dictated by industry lobbyists.
■ NOUN
carbon
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Some attacked the fact that faster growth has been environmentally unsound, creating excessive carbon emissions and destroying natural habitats.
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Their purpose is to encourage countries to ratify the Kyoto protocol on reducing carbon emissions .
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He has also proposed yearly progress reports updating targets on everything from recycling to carbon emissions .
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Can energy efficiency and a greater dependence on natural gas cut carbon emissions sufficiently on their own?
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Levels have fallen from 60.2 percent of total national carbon emissions to 49.5 percent in 1989.
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The report was commissioned from scientists in five countries in order to assess the impact of dramatic reductions in carbon emissions .
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The government predicts that on current trends carbon emissions will rise from 160 million tons to 170 million tons in the 1990s.
control
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With this it is possible to control the emission control equipment and ensure peak efficiency thanks to cylinder-by-cylinder knock sensing.
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They argue that this effluent fee would give motorists the proper incentive to ensure that exhaust emission control devices were efficiently maintained.
dioxide
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The new plan focused on reducing carbon dioxide emissions by cutting energy consumption.
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Controlling carbon dioxide emissions ultimately entails reducing the consumption of energy-intensive goods.
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Trees that could have been used to eat your car's microscopic carbon dioxide emissions .
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All three books also cover the effects of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere.
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The net result is that, however one mixes the energy cake, carbon dioxide emissions go on increasing.
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The overwhelming weight of scientific opinion is that we need to make cuts of 60 % or more in carbon dioxide emissions .
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Even then, carbon dioxide emissions could still increase 65 percent by 2030.
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Carbon dioxide emissions will increase by between 9 and 23 percent, and fuel consumption will rise by 3-9 percent.
exhaust
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They called for high power and torque, low smoke and exhaust emission levels, quiet, and good fuel economy.
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They are expected to halve pollution caused by large commercial vehicles, bringing them into line with regulations governing car exhaust emissions .
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It's also much quieter and even better behaved, by that we mean it burns cleaner with less exhaust emissions .
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It could only be concluded that the cause of the intense eye irritation was in some way related to vehicle exhaust emissions .
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This 1960 Act required the Surgeon General to undertake studies of the health effects of motor vehicle exhaust emissions .
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The exhaust emissions standards could only be met with current technology by installing three-way catalytic converters in petrol-driven vehicles.
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Research studies demonstrated back in the 1970s the fact that exhaust emissions contained dangerous toxins, in particular lead.
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From Los Angeles to Athens, city authorities have tried to enact measures to limit exhaust emissions .
gas
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We need to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 60 %.
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The market could grow much bigger if countries further subsidize wind power to curb greenhouse gas emissions .
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What has emerged so far confirms the pessimism that has settled over the international effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions .
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Talk of mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions may seem sudden.
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Home energy efficiency is increasingly seen as a route to a reduction in national greenhouse gas emissions .
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The Committee also outlined tough recommendations on how greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced.
lead
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This situation reflects the spectacular 94 percent reduction in total national lead emissions during the 1978-89 period.
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However, lead emissions from car exhausts are an atmospheric pollutant that may be harmful to people's health.
level
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They called for high power and torque, low smoke and exhaust emission levels , quiet, and good fuel economy.
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In most cases, emission levels were orders of magnitude below standard recommended levels.
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In addition, diesels generally require less maintenance than petrol engines and can retain impressive emission levels over large mileages.
odour
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This crust prevents odours escaping and hence reduces odour emission .
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The survey also provided information as to the types of development most likely to be refused planning permission due to anticipated odour emission .
oxide
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To avoid further damage to sensitive ecosystems, sulphur and nitrogen oxide emissions must be cut by 90 percent.
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Nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicles are rising every year because of the huge growth in the number of cars.
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Both countries would also limit nitrogen oxide emissions through stricter controls on motor vehicles.
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Nitrogen oxide Forty percent of nitrogen oxide emissions in Britain come from vehicles.
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It would also reduce sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions , which cause acid rain, by 42,000 tonnes.
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The Government gave way in 1988, then went back on deal to cut nitrous oxide emissions by 30 percent.
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A model system relates energy consumption to emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxide emissions.
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Traffic now accounts for 51 percent of total nitrogen oxide emissions , compared to 31 percent in 1980.
reduction
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This voluntary approach to emissions reduction would likely be more effective than the voluntarism urged here.
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The wide-ranging measure also will: Ease some Environmental Protection Agency requirements for state emissions reduction programs.
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Talks resume next week in Bonn on legally binding emission reduction targets that Washington has rejected.
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Few authorities consider that short-term emission reduction options can prevent the first stage of a smog occurring.
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Offsets create an unofficial market in pollution or emission reduction credits.
source
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A second example of the need to target the correct emission sources relates to traffic.
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To apply this strategy to numerous small-scale emission sources such as heating in homes and motor vehicles would be more complex.
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Houses are one of the main carbon dioxide emission sources and tree planting is a step towards rectifying that damage.
standard
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Stiffer emission standards are being introduced to reduce permissible levels.
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At one extreme lies the Soviet Union which has over 100 national air quality standards and few emission standards.
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It would be useful to have specific state and federal emissions standards for facilities like this, standards to compare against.
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The exhaust emissions standards could only be met with current technology by installing three-way catalytic converters in petrol-driven vehicles.
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It is shown to be possible to maintain or improve upon Current emission standards .
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Such action represents the adoption of aspects of a second air pollution control strategy - namely, the emission standards strategy.
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These emission standards vary widely, somewhat like those for the different locations in Florida described in Chapter 9.
sulphur
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FoE says that the stations are sited in areas where World Health Organization guidelines on sulphur emissions were breached last year.
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The report recommends a threefold cut in sulphur emissions .
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Pressure is however increasing for measures to cut sulphur emission .
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The subsidies are planned to cut sulphur emissions from lorries by a quarter.
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Chester was still trying to persuade the Committee that there was no urgency about reducing sulphur emissions .
vehicle
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California outlaws exhaust emissions California is to introduce vehicle emission standards even tougher than the stringent levels already proposed for 1997.
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The Environmental Defense Fund brokered a series of pilot projects in Juarez, including one to test vehicle emissions .
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All the measures that I catalogued earlier will help to reduce vehicle emissions - the principal cause of bad air.
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A green transport policy Using unleaded petrol and fitting catalytic converters will dramatically reduce the levels of pollution caused by vehicle emissions .
■ VERB
achieve
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Public transport of the future may use fuel cells to achieve zero emissions .
cause
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It is usually caused by the emission of particulates or nitrogen dioxide.
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Washington continues to challenge the scientific claim that global warming is in part caused by emissions of carbon dioxide.
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The huge rise in vehicle use forecast by the Government will therefore cause CO2 emissions from vehicles to increase enormously.
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A green transport policy Using unleaded petrol and fitting catalytic converters will dramatically reduce the levels of pollution caused by vehicle emissions .
clean
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The company also looks set to prosper from making the substrates which go into catalytic converters used to clean car-exhaust emissions .
curb
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Governments, airlines and passengers should take action to curb global emissions , the report concluded.
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The market could grow much bigger if countries further subsidize wind power to curb greenhouse gas emissions .
cut
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Over the next 13 years, the regulations set out to achieve a 70 percent cut in hydrocarbon emissions .
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Doubling rail traffic would cut carbon dioxide emissions by only about 3 percent.
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What has emerged so far confirms the pessimism that has settled over the international effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions .
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Three years ago, in Kyoto, the leaders of those 180 countries solemnly promised to cut these emissions .
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Polanyi would propose a world environment organisation with the right to impose sanctions on countries that refuse to cut emissions .
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The Government gave way in 1988, then went back on deal to cut nitrous oxide emissions by 30 percent.
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The low-emission consortium deals with technology that will cut petrol engine emissions to meet the tightening regulations.
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They are demanding that richer countries cut back their carbon emissions to compensate.
cutting
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But the poorer nations would also have to accept binding targets for cutting emissions .
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Inventing an economically efficient system for counting and cutting emissions that encompasses the public and private sectors, is the biggest challenge.
increase
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Defendus would increase emissions by a mere 11 percent.
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But Clinton insists that new technologies will improve energy efficiency, enabling developing countries to continue economic growth without increasing emissions .
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At that point, however, the still increasing emissions of carbon dioxide will begin the upward spiral once more.
limit
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Both countries would also limit nitrogen oxide emissions through stricter controls on motor vehicles.
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The plant will set new standards in the working conditions for staff and will strictly limit emissions , noise and smells.
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From Los Angeles to Athens, city authorities have tried to enact measures to limit exhaust emissions .
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Government officials have acknowledged that existing policies to limit acidic emissions - notably of sulphur dioxide - are inadequate.
meet
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And even if that target is met , global emissions will still rise to 30 per cent above 1990 levels by 2010.
reduce
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In fact, savings of electricity are particularly important in terms of reducing CO2 emissions .
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The technology for reducing diesel emissions is expensive.
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The new plan focused on reducing carbon dioxide emissions by cutting energy consumption.
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The maps will be used to show that current plans to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions from power stations will meet international commitments.
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These will all reduce emissions from fossil fuels and so help combat global warming and acid deposition.
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Smith advised the manufacturers on how to reduce emissions to better than the 5 percent permitted under the new Act.
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Techniques for reducing these emissions are available and are being applied in a number of countries.
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The paint industry, breweries, aerosol manufacturers, and even bakeries would have to install equipment to reduce noxious emissions .
set
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This sets strict limits on emissions in an effort to reduce the country's contribution to global warming and acid rain.
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The year saw continued progress in setting tighter standards on emissions and in-use testing around the world.
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So they risk losing most potential economic growth if a climate treaty sets ceilings on emissions .
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As technology improves, thereby making it possible to set a lower emission standard, new sources face increasingly more strict controls.
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Apart from general operating conditions, it has set emission limits for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide are still increasing.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Economic incentives or disincentives such as pollutant emission charges or taxes should receive more attention than they had received previously.
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It estimates that in that time it cut its carbon dioxide emissions by more than 20 percent.
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Most businesses today simply burn the emissions in a closed incinerator, wasting energy from the fire.
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Note that the high sulfur oil example leads to greater emissions than two of the coal groups.
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Sulphur dioxide emissions would also increase if that strategy were implemented.
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This forms part of the company's long standing commitment to reducing atmospheric emissions from its Teesside operations.
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Those are a necessary complement to last year's directive on emission standards for heavy duty diesel vehicles.