COPTIC ART

any of the visual arts associated with the Greek- and Egyptian-speaking Christian peoples of Egypt from about the 3rd to the 12th century AD. It is essentially reflected in the stone reliefs, wood carvings, and wall paintings of the monasteries of Egypt. It is, nonetheless, common practice to include within Coptic art such means of expression as the so-called Coptic textiles, which have no religious intent. The style of Coptic Christian art evolved from the late antique art of Egypt. Economic conditions doubtless played a major role in the emergence of a freer, more popular style of art; the lack of an extensive patronage system is evident in many aspects of Coptic art, the emphasis on nonmonumental art, the avoidance of costly materials, and the dearth of skilled craftsmen with extensive training among them. The stylistic flatness of Coptic art shows a movement away from a naturalistic rendering of the human form and features and of animal and plant ornamentation. Outline and detail are simplified, and the number of motifs is limited.