DELAND, MARGARET

born Feb. 23, 1857, Allegheny, Pa., U.S. died Jan. 13, 1945, Boston, Mass. byname of Margaretta Wade Deland, ne Margaretta Wade Campbell American writer who frequently portrayed small-town life. Deland grew up in the home of an aunt and uncle in Maple Grove (now part of Allegheny), Pennsylvania, and later in Manchester. She studied at private schools and at Cooper Union in New York City, and for a time taught drawing. Married in 1880, she and her husband took up the cause of unwed mothers and over a span of four years took some 60 such women and their infants into their own home. At this time Deland also began writing verse for a greeting-card firm. A short time later a few of her poems were published in Harper's Magazine, and in 1886 a collection of them was published as The Old Garden. In 1888 she published her first novel, John Ward, Preacher, which deals with religious and social questions after the manner of the British writer Mrs. Humphry Ward. The book stirred public opinion against its supposed irreligion, portraying the irreconcilable and destructive conflict between a Calvinist minister and his wife, who cannot accept the doctrine of eternal damnation. The conflict of ideas played little part in Deland's subsequent novels, which, while presenting skillfully drawn characters with realistic problems and emotions, were essentially comedies or minor tragedies of middle-class domesticity, insulated from the social and economic issues of the larger world. Most popular were her four nostalgic village chronicles, based loosely on the Maple Grove and Manchester of her childhood: Old Chester Tales (1899), Dr. Lavendar's People (1903), Around Old Chester (1915), and New Friends in Old Chester (1924). Among her other works are the problem novels, The Awakening of Helena Richie (1906) and The Vehement Flame (1922), and two volumes of autobiography, If This Be I, As I Suppose It Be (1935) and Golden Yesterdays (1941). During World War I she did relief work in France, for which she was decorated with the Legion of Honor. Small Things (1919) is a collection of her articles about her experiences in France. In later years her fiction declined in popularity, but in 1926 she was elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters.