DEMILLE, CECIL B.

born Aug. 12, 1881, Ashfield, Mass., U.S. died Jan. 21, 1959, Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif. in full Cecil Blount DeMille American motion-picture producer-director whose use of spectacle attracted vast audiences and made him a dominant figure in Hollywood for almost five decades. He was the son of the playwright Henry Churchill DeMille. After studying at the Pennsylvania Military College and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, he began his career in the theatre as an actor in 1900. He was soon collaborating with his brother, the playwright William Churchill DeMille. In 1913 DeMille joined Jesse Lasky, Samuel Goldwyn, and Arthur Freed in forming the Jesse Lasky Feature Play Company, which subsequently became Paramount Pictures. DeMille's own first film was a western, The Squaw Man (released 1914), one of the first full-length feature films produced in Hollywood. His ability to give the public what it wanted soon made him a name director in the days when directors were virtually unknown. From 1919 to 1923 DeMille made comedies that reflected the postwar freedom from moral restraint, but then he began to produce films dealing with biblical subjects and featuring spectacular crowd scenes and sets. Among these were The Ten Commandments (1923) and The King of Kings (1927), which, it is estimated, was seen by 800,000,000 people. DeMille was known for his strong and assertive personality: he was the first director to use a megaphone on the set and the first to install a loudspeaker system for issuing orders. He was also noted for his right-wing political views and his strenuous opposition to labour unions. In later decades DeMille concentrated on large productions, culminating in Samson and Delilah (1949), The Greatest Show on Earth (which won the Academy Award for the best picture of 1952), and a second version of The Ten Commandments (1956), his 70th and last film. His other major films included The Sign of the Cross (1932) and Union Pacific (1939). From 1936 to 1945 DeMille appeared on radio in a popular weekly series of adaptations of recent motion pictures. Although many critics dismissed DeMille's films as devoid of artistic merit, he was conspicuously successful in a genrethe epicthat he made distinctively his own.