GRAND NATIONAL

also called Grand National Handicap Steeplechase, British horse race held annually over the Aintree course, Liverpool, in late March or early April; it attracts more attention throughout the world than any other steeplechase. The race was instituted in 1839 by William Lynn, a Liverpool innkeeper, and its present name was adopted in 1847. The Grand National poses difficulties and dangers to challenge the skill and spirit of the hardiest and most daring riders, professional and amateur. The course, an irregular triangle, must be covered twice for a distance of 4 miles 855 yards (about 7,200 m) and a total of 31 jumps, among which the most spectacularly hazardous are those known as Becher's Brook and Valentine's Brook. Large numbers of horses are entered each year and are reduced at successive jumps until only a few are left at the finish. The Grand National is a handicap race, with weights ranging upward to 12 stone 7 pounds (175 pounds). The weights, the distance, and the big jumps demand horses of prodigious strength and stamina and usually of more than normal size. The winners frequently have cold blood (e.g., the heavier draught breeds) mixed with Thoroughbred ancestry, although pure Thoroughbreds have won the Grand National on occasion.