MOON, SUN MYUNG

born , Jan. 6, 1920, Kwangju Sangsa Ri, P'yongan-puk province, Korea [now in North Korea] Korean evangelist who in 1954 founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, better known as the Unification Church. In his book The Divine Principle (1952), which is the basic scripture of the church, Moon wrote that at the age of 16 he had a vision of Christ in which he was told to carry out Christ's unfinished task. Moon believed that God chose him to save mankind from Satanism, and he regarded Communists as Satan's representatives in the world. Moon began to preach his doctrines in Korea in 1946. Two years later he was excommunicated by the Presbyterian Church, and shortly thereafter he was imprisoned by the North Korean authorities for reasons that are not entirely clear. In 1950 he escapedor was releasedand fled to South Korea, where he founded what was to become the Unification Church. He built his Korean and Japanese enterprises, which included factories that produced armaments, paint, machinery, and ginseng tea, into a multimillion-dollar empire, and in the early 1970s he began full-scale missionary operations in the United States. As young people were drawn into the movement, Moon incurred widespread hostility from the parents of followers, who believed that their children had been unfairly indoctrinated. Other controversies also mounted over the movement's fund-raising techniques, as well as over immigration issues and tax manipulation. Moon and his wife were addressed as Father and Mother by disciples, popularly called Moonies, for whom the two epitomize God's ideal family. In 1973 the Moons moved their headquarters to Tarrytown, N.Y., operating from there an international network of businesses. In 1981 the Unification Church's bid for U.S. tax-exempt status as a religious organization was denied when an appellate court ruled that the church's primary purpose was political rather than religious. In 1982 Moon was convicted of tax evasion, sentenced to 18 months in prison, and fined $25,000; he went to prison in 1984.