RAVI RIVER

in northwestern India and northeastern Pakistan, one of the rivers that give the Punjab (meaning five rivers) its name. It rises in the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh state, India, and flows west-northwest past Chamba, turning southwest at the boundary of Jammu and Kashmir. The river then flows to the Pakistani border and along it for more than 50 miles (80 km) before entering Pakistani Punjab. It flows past Lahore and turns west near Kamalia, emptying into the Chenab River south of Ahmadpur Sial after a course of about 450 miles (725 km). The Ravi's waters are used for irrigating large areas of land along its course. The Upper Bari Doab Canal, with headworks at Madhopur at the northern tip of Indian Punjab, was completed in 187879; it irrigates a large area east of the Ravi, and its distributary canals extend into Pakistan. The two nations had frequent disputes over the water before reaching an agreement in 1960. The Lower Bari Doab Canal, completed in 1917, lies entirely in Pakistan.