SHREVE, HENRY MILLER

born Oct. 21, 1785, Burlington county, N.J., U.S. died March 6, 1851, St. Louis, Mo. American river captain and pioneer steamboat builder who contributed significantly to developing the potential of the Mississippi River waterway system. Shreve's father was a Quaker who nevertheless served as a colonel in the American Revolutionary War and lost all his possessions at the hands of the British. Destitute, the Shreves were forced to emigrate to the western Pennsylvania frontier. When his father died in 1799, Shreve began to make trading voyages by keelboat and barge down the Monongahela and Ohio rivers. In 1807 he inaugurated the fur trade between St. Louis and Philadelphia, by way of Pittsburgh, and in 1810 he began carrying lead from Galena, Ill., near the upper Mississippi. He became a stockholder and skipper of the Enterprise (the second steamboat on the Mississippi), carrying supplies in 1814 for Andrew Jackson's army and taking part himself in the Battle of New Orleans. In May 1815 the Enterprise with Shreve at the helm became the first steamboat to ascend the Mississippi and Ohio to Louisville, Ky. Shreve, however, saw the need for an entirely new design for river steamers and had built to his specifications the Washington, with a flat, shallow hull, a high-pressure steam engine on the main deck instead of in the hold, and a second deck. His round trip in the Washington in 1816 from Pittsburgh to New Orleans and back to Louisville definitely established the Mississippi steamboat type. In 1827 Shreve was appointed superintendent of western river improvements and designed the first snag boat to remove from the river system the sunken tree trunks that often wrecked steamboats. In the 1830s he undertook the removal of an accumulated underwater obstruction of the Red River known as the Great Raft; his success opened northern Louisiana to development, and his workcamp turned into a permanent settlement as Shreveport.