STEINEM, GLORIA

born March 25, 1934, Toledo, Ohio, U.S. American feminist, political activist, and editor, an articulate advocate of the women's liberation movement during the late 20th century. Steinem spent her early years traveling with her parents in a house trailer. After their divorce in 1946, Gloria settled with her mother in Toledo, Ohio, and for the first time began attending school on a regular basis. Her childhood was marked by the added responsibility of taking care of her mother, who was chronically depressed. During her senior year of high school, Steinem moved to Washington, D.C., to live with her older sister. In 1956 Steinem graduated from Smith College and went to India on a scholarship. In India she participated in nonviolent protests against government policy there. She began working as a writer and journalist in New York City in 1960. Steinem gained attention in 1963 with her article I Was a Playboy Bunny, which recounted her experience as a scantily clad waitress at Hugh Hefner's Playboy Club. By 1968 Steinem's work had become more overtly political. She began writing a column, The City Politic, for New York magazine. Her involvement in feminism intensified in 1968 when she attended a meeting of a radical feminist group, the Redstockings. Proud of her feminist rootsher paternal grandmother had served as president of the Ohio Women's Suffrage Association from 1908 to 1911Steinem founded the National Women's Political Caucus in July 1971 with Betty Friedan, Bella Abzug, and Shirley Chisholm. That same year she began exploring the possibility of a new magazine for women, one that treated contemporary issues from a feminist perspective. The result was /a>Ms. magazine, which first appeared as an insert in the December 1971 issue of New York. Throughout the late 1970s and the '80s, Steinem gave much of her time to political organizations and became an articulate advocate for the women's liberation movement. She participated in the founding of the Coalition of Labor Union Women, Voters for Choice, and Women Against Pornography. Her publications include Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (1983), a collection of essays; Revolution from Within (1992), a work on self-esteem for women; and Moving Beyond Words (1994).