WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS

born Aug. 31, 1844, Boston, Mass., U.S. died Jan. 28, 1911, Newton, Mass. original name Mary Gray Phelps, also called (1852-88) Elizabeth Stuart Phelps popular 19th-century American author and feminist. Mary Gray Phelps was the daughter of a clergyman and of a popular woman writer. After the death of her mother in 1852, Phelps incorporated her mother's name, Stuart, into her own. For several years she kept house for her father, and she devoted what free time she could find to writing. Her first published work had appeared in the Youth's Companion when she was 13, and her first mature piece was published in Harper's Magazine in 1864. In 1868 Phelps published a sentimental and didactic novel entitled The Gates Ajar. It is the story of a girl's struggle to renew her faith despite the death of a beloved brother. The novel was immediately popular, selling 80,000 copies in the United States and 100,000 in England; it was translated into at least four languages. Phelps subsequently wrote 56 more books, in addition to poetry, pamphlets, and short articles. Her later work was often concerned with the domestic status of women. The Story of Avis (1877) and Doctor Zay (1882), for example, focus on the problem of women facing the demands of both career and marriage. Phelps also advocated the causes of labour, temperance, and antivivisection in her novels, which include The Silent Partner (1871), Beyond the Gates (1883), A Singular Life (1895), Walled In (1907), and Comrades (1911). She also wrote a biography of her father, Austin Phelps (1891). In 1888 Phelps married Herbert D. Ward. They collaborated on three biblical romances, The Master of the Magicians (1890), Come Forth (1890), and A Lost Hero (1891), and in 1896 Elizabeth Ward published an autobiography, Chapters from a Life.