WARD, HORTENSE SPARKS MALSCH

born July 20, 1872, near Simpsonville, Texas, U.S. died Dec. 5, 1944, Houston, Texas ne Hortense Sparks American lawyer and reformer who campaigned energetically and successfully in Texas for women's rights, particularly in the areas of property, labour, and voting laws. Hortense Sparks taught school for a year before marrying Albert Malsch, a tinner, in 1891 (divorced 1906). She began studying law by correspondence and for two years worked as a county court reporter. In 1909 she married William H. Ward, a lawyer with whom she completed her legal studies, and a year later she was admitted to the Texas bar. Shortly thereafter she and her husband formed the firm of Ward & Ward. A letter Hortense Ward wrote to a Houston newspaper in 1912 on the need for a married women's property law in Texas was noted by the editors of the Delineator magazine, who gave it national publicity and also distributed her pamphlet on Property Rights of Married Women in Texas. Ward lobbied vigorously and successfully on behalf of legislation to that end in 1913, and the law enacted was widely known as the Hortense Ward Law. She also worked for legislation enacting a workers' compensation system and a 54-hour workweek for women, both of which were passed in 1913, a bill enabling women to vote in party primaries, which was passed in 1918, and other reforms. In February 1915 Ward was admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court. She ran unsuccessfully for judge of the county court in 1920 and in 1924 campaigned on behalf of Miriam Ferguson for governor. In 1925, when all the justices of the Texas Supreme Court disqualified themselves in the case of Johnson v. Darr because it involved a fraternal order of which they were members, Ward and two other women were constituted a special Supreme Court to hear the case; Ward was chief justice. Ward retired from her legal practice in 1939.