WESTERN WALL

The Western Wall in the Old City of Jerusalem. Hebrew Ha-kotel Ha-ma'aravi, also called Wailing Wall, in the Old City of Jerusalem, a place of prayer and pilgrimage sacred to the Jewish people. It is the only remains of the Second Temple of Jerusalem, held to be uniquely holy by the ancient Jews and destroyed by the Romans in AD 70. The authenticity of the Western Wall has been confirmed by tradition, history, and archaeological research; the wall dates from about the 2nd century BC, though its upper sections were added at a later date. Because the wall now forms part of a larger wall that surrounds the Muslim Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, Jews and Arabs have long fought over its control or for the right of access. As it is seen today, the Western Wall measures about 160 feet (50 m) long and about 60 feet (20 m) high; the wall, however, extends much deeper into the earth. Jewish devotions there date from the early Byzantine period and reaffirm the rabbinic belief that the divine Presence never departs from the Western Wall. Jews lament the destruction of the Temple and pray for its restoration. Such terms as Wailing Wall were coined by European travelers who witnessed the mournful vigils of pious Jews before the relic of the sacred Temple. Arab and Jewish sources both confirm that after the Arab capture of Jerusalem in 638, Jews led the conquerors to the site of the Holy Rock and Temple yard and helped clear away the debris. When the State of Israel captured the Old City during the fighting of June 1967, the Jews once more gained control over the historic site.