I. adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a direct appeal
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The police have issued a direct appeal to the witness to come forward with information.
a direct approach
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We would do better to adopt a direct approach and tackle the problem at its source.
a direct benefit
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The money sent has been of direct benefit to the islanders.
a direct comparison
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You can’t really make a direct comparison between the the two schools.
a direct competitor (= competing directly with you )
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He knew she was a successful businesswoman and a direct competitor.
a direct connection
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Many people see a direct connection between these events.
a direct consequence of sth (= a consequence directly caused by sth )
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The spread of information has been a direct consequence of the Internet.
a direct correlation
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Research shows a direct correlation between TV viewing and poor academic work.
a direct measurement (= one made by measuring the thing itself, not a photograph of it )
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Instruments in space allowed a direct measurement of Jupiter’s temperature.
a direct order (= a clear order )
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What happens to a soldier who disobeys a direct order?
a direct question (= one that asks for information in a very direct way )
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She was startled by the direct question.
a direct reflection
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The child’s behaviour is a direct reflection of its parents' behaviour.
a direct relationship (= when one thing has an effect or influence on another, without any other things being involved )
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There is a direct relationship between the demand for a particular product and its price.
a direct response
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Her resignation was in direct response to the party’s poor results in the local elections.
a direct result
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The closure of the hospital is a direct result of Government reforms.
a direct route
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The motorway is the most direct route.
a direct tax (= a tax on income )
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The government’s revenue comes mainly from direct taxes.
a direct threat
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The workers destroyed the textile machinery which they saw as a direct threat to their jobs.
a direct/exact equivalent
▪
The word has no direct equivalent in English.
a direct/indirect cause
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Government policies are the direct cause of the problems facing the economy.
a direct/indirect influence
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The Cubist painters had a direct influence on his work.
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The federal government has an indirect influence on investment through its control of bank credits.
a direct/non-stop flight (= a flight going straight from one place to another without stopping )
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the first direct flight to Tokyo
a judge directs/instructs a jury (= tells it what to decide )
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The judge directed the jury to find her not guilty.
a specific/direct/explicit reference (= mentioning something specifically/directly etc )
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No specific reference was made to the race of the children.
direct a film
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The film was directed by Jean-Luc Godard.
direct a movie
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He wrote and directed the movie.
direct a play (= tell the actors what to do )
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The play is directed by Paulette Randall.
direct access
direct action (= that is aimed at making a government or company do something )
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In a bid to stop whale hunting, Greenpeace have threatened direct action.
direct action
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Peaceful direct action by pressure groups has a powerful effect on public opinion.
direct communication
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The new system allows more direct communication between teachers and parents.
direct contact (= spending time with sb )
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Our volunteers work in direct contact with people who need help.
direct current
direct debit
direct deposit
direct discourse
direct hit
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Our ship took a direct hit and sank.
direct inspiration (= in which someone copies an idea directly from a person or thing )
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She took direct inspiration from the films of John Ford.
direct mail
direct marketing
direct method
direct object
direct observation
▪
Piaget developed his theories based on direct observation of children.
direct responsibility (= when no other person is involved )
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He has direct responsibility for all the programmes on Radio 1.
direct speech
direct sunlight
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This plant prefers to be kept out of direct sunlight.
direct supervision
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Trainees need direct supervision for at least the first week.
direct talks
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The President declared that he was now prepared to enter into direct talks with the rebels.
direct tax
direct taxation (= tax on income )
direct...links
▪
The office has direct computer links to over 100 firms.
in direct contrast to sth/sb (= completely different to something or someone )
▪
She’s fun and warm and amusing – in direct contrast to James.
the exact/precise/direct opposite
▪
My own experience says that the exact opposite is true.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
more
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Musically and lyrically more direct than its predecessor, it reached deeper into the storytelling tradition.
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So-called solvent processing is more direct .
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If the theories are successful, some one will find a more direct way of showing that the hypothetical entities are actually there.
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We had to adapt and play more direct .
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However, particularly for the gamma-ray contribution, more direct measurement of the radiation dose is usually employed.
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He can be more direct in sharing his beliefs and opinions with us.
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Occasionally the demands of senior politics and junior fun could clash in a more direct way.
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She slouches less in her wheelchair, raises her head more and looks at people in a more direct manner.
most
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Employers have the clearest and most direct channels of communication to enormous numbers of people.
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Malcolm wanted to create the most direct statement of what clothes were about.
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That dispute was settled in the most direct way -- they lined up and hit each other for four hours.
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The study of small mammal fossils Fossils provide one of our most direct links with the prehistoric past.
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Among the inputs from the environment, the most direct inputs to the political system are demands and supports.
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The most direct way of doing so was by prospecting and directing capital to developing mines in new lands.
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The most direct methods to achieve political objectives involve some form of political action.
■ NOUN
access
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I've seen the homes they live in-mud-floored shacks with no sanitation or direct access to running water.
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Never before have so many people had direct access to information from every angle.
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The former will tend to require an indexed sequential file on a direct access device.
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CompuServe recently shut down direct access to certain newsgroups containing indecent photographs and material.
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It has opened up a market to Apple, to which it previously had no direct access .
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AlterNet customers use dial-up or high-speed leased lines for direct access to the full range of services available over the Internet.
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They have also signed a deal with Freeserve, the internet service provider, offering direct access for students.
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Simply ideal for families it has direct access on to the beach and offers a wide range of holiday activities for children.
action
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I don't think our direct actions are a problem reducing our effectiveness.
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Before this period, behavior has always been a direct action of the child on objects.
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We felt we had to take direct action .
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The first is the sensorimotor level of direct action on the environment.
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You may be surprised by the success our direct actions have achieved so far.
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These charges were dropped in 1916, but by then Sanger was looking to-ward more direct action .
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They are spooking away at the window and Charlie and Emma take some direct action and soak them in water.
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The group, he said, owed its origins to direct action by environmentalists in Britain.
approach
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The direct approach will be hardest for environmentalists to accept.
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With her, a direct approach could be quicksand.
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Taking the direct approach requires planning, organisation, and a short, positive, action-demanding covering letter.
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On the other hand, sometimes a direct approach may be more appropriate.
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Deception, in the case before him, he deemed justifiable, preferable to a direct approach .
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Will New York's taxi-drivers, known everywhere for their direct approach , heed this message?
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The landowner, estate agent or speculator may make a direct approach to the developer.
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That she favoured the direct approach ?
challenge
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Yet the symbol of feminism was perceived as a direct challenge to Catholicism and Catholic values.
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Clinton rarely offers direct challenges to the people; he prefers to play the preacher and the conciliator.
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A direct challenge to the orthodox test arose in two cases decided in 1987.
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It had now become a direct challenge to his manhood.
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Each broadcasting organization could henceforth pursue its programme policies without fear of a direct challenge to its sources of revenue.
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Nor has there been any direct challenge to the chairman.
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This was a direct challenge to Urban, who had not been consulted or even properly informed.
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D'Arcy was throwing down a direct challenge for him to come clean, and he knew it.
comparison
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It is hard to make a direct comparison , for relative prices have changed.
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I have yet to get my hands on a 200-megahertz Pentium-based computer to do a direct comparison .
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In questions 3 and 7 it is essential that making and buying prices are on a basis allowing direct comparison .
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The profitability index allows a direct comparison between the projects in terms of the present value of benefit per unit cost.
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The result of this is that a direct comparison with the other regional data is not possible.
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But for a direct comparison of clocks to be made, the traveler must return.
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In helping to answer this question two direct comparisons are available.
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Fig. 10.3 shows the direct comparison of recall efficiency for two bilingual groups and a deaf group.
competition
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Each of them has many adherents in the discipline, and at first sight it looks as if the approaches are in direct competition .
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Many of the companies appear to have avoided direct competition in the computer or semiconductor market by staking out a profitable niche.
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They try to minimize electronics imports from each other and are often in direct competition in export markets.
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The Justice Department must consider whether dry kibble and those waxy, doggy burger meals provide direct competition with canned food.
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The bid was in direct competition with the offer from Manchester made last week.
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Cart transport survived both in direct competition on shorter routes and by taking goods to and from railway stations.
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Stallions usually only fight when in direct competition for a harem or a waterhole.
connection
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But there is little direct connection .
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But it was not until much later that any direct connection between asteroids and Earth could be established.
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You can use a terminal program for direct connection to another user.
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Testers will need a direct connection to the Internet, as opposed to the dial-up connections popular with home Internet subscribers.
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There will be no direct connection between Musselburgh and the Musselburgh Bypass at this location.
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It is essential to see the direct connection between the production and distribution of goods in this unified process.
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There is little direct connection , because many early ecologists were not interested in evolution.
consequence
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The report had been generally very favourable and his and his colleagues' morale had improved as a direct consequence .
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The first of these events was a direct consequence of the war.
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Beyond these direct consequences such labs have implications for the long term development of the host-country's scientific capacity and capability.
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The change was thought to be a direct consequence of the protest action taken by conscripts in May.
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This was often a direct consequence of bad diet: too much matooke and nothing else.
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Each operator adds a single new fact which is a direct consequence of what is known already.
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One direct consequence of the amino acid changes is the well recognised reduction in dopamine and serotonin turnover.
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The claim by the widow was allowed by the court applying the direct consequence test for remoteness.
contact
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He then brings in both feet so that the soles are placed in direct contact with each other.
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Managers need to handle highly sensitive direct contacts with clients.
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He didn't think much of the unions and their so-called democracy, preferring to rely on direct contact with the leaders.
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Blood is very toxic to neurons, which stop working and often die when the blood comes in direct contact with them.
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Skin diseases, such as impetigo or scabies, are transmitted by direct contact .
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This would constitute direct contact between the bloodstreams of the two people.
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The coals constitute a proven commercial gas source which is in direct contact with the recognised potential reservoirs.
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It has within it the experiences of direct contacts with the peoples of the world.
contrast
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From this perspective we can see a direct contrast with the normativist style.
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This is in direct contrast to the company's more secretive past as part of the Central Electricity Generating Board.
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And in direct contrast again, this approach may bring you long-term loyalty rather than compliance.
control
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One method may be through variations in government expenditure and taxation since these flows are under the direct control of the authorities.
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But that was under the direct control of Langley.
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The second row is about mine clearance, which was until recently under the direct control of the president's office.
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Mackenzie assumed direct control , with his partners in subordinate positions.
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Only London's Metropolitan Police currently falls under direct control from Whitehall.
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Are you forgetting that we are under the direct control of the Emperor himself?
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I thought it was military to allow the top brass at home a more direct control .
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It felt like there was no direct control of the machine.
debit
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Forms to arrange direct debit payment are available on request.
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It's simple to do this now by filling in the direct debit and covenant on the back of the donation form.
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Donation by direct debit is now the lifeblood for most charities.
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Payments can be made by direct debit and standing orders.
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With a direct debit the person receiving payment tells your branch how much is due and when.
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In many cases, higher rates apply for those holders who do not pay their accounts by direct debit .
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If you incur bank charges, some banks operate a slightly cheaper tariff for direct debits because they are more easily handled.
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I instruct you to pay direct debits from my account at the request of Campaign for Real Ale Limited.
democracy
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The system of direct democracy made the Soviet immediately responsive to the mood of rank-and-file workers.
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His ideal was to transplant the classical Athenian model of direct democracy to the new world.
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Democracy meant government by the people themselves; what is now tendentiously termed direct democracy.
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But direct democracy could not survive the size and complexity of the pluralistic, sprawling nation-states that developed in modern times.
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Mr Kinnock hinted at the weekend that direct democracy was likely to become mandatory relatively soon.
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Like or dislike it, direct democracy is on the way.
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The court was confident that elements of direct democracy can coexist within the representative republic.
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Many people argue that direct democracy is unworkable, that society needs representatives to debate and decide issues, Davis said.
descendant
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Six generations of his direct descendants continued to live in Myddle throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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The professor said he has no idea if Ayi is a direct descendant of other Glidji monarchs.
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He was an O'Conor and a direct descendant of the last High King of Ireland.
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I don't care for the practice of polling because of polling because it is direct descendant of that fraudulent invention sociology.
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In many ways the Aphrodisians were the direct descendants of Hellenistic and, more specifically, Pergamene sculpture.
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Those who made it an issue were the direct descendants of the anti-military counter-culture of the 1960s.
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Fly-leaf of a 1599 Bible perhaps inscribed by her husband to Shakespeare's last direct descendant , his grand-daughter Elizabeth Bernard.
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Both marriages were childless; so that Elizabeth was the last direct descendant of William Shakespeare.
effect
▪
Answer guide: They have no direct effect but often the debtor is the other side of the sales entry.
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Outdoors Wisconsin clearly has little direct effect on anyone but the suckers.
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The departure of Mark, now a professor of engineering at the University of Texas, also had a more direct effect .
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Though we found no direct effects on pay, holding other things equal, we found indirect effects of motherhood on pay.
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It is, of course, conceivable that the community charge will have a bigger direct effect on local elections in future years.
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She couldn't feel any direct effect from the brandy, but she felt looser and more able to talk.
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Coefficient b shows the direct effect of being one of the richer respondents on preparedness to break the law.
election
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Now he is giving himself the chance to be chosen by direct election again, thus gaining a mantle of legitimacy.
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His opponents say his return was a violation of a town code calling for direct election of the mayor.
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Liberal democrats remained in a minority on the Legco, despite their success in the direct elections .
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In the event direct elections were held.
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His own new powers, however, should last only until direct elections for a President were held.
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One made the protection of the environment a constitutional obligation; the other provided for the direct election of mayors and Landräte.
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Of the total seats, 75 are filled by direct election and 25 on the basis of proportional representation.
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He not only saw off no-confidence motions, but won the Congress round to supporting direct elections for an executive presidency.
evidence
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This report provides the first direct evidence for expression of P3A + variant mRNA in human thymus.
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There is no direct evidence of the prion hypothesis.
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We have recently produced direct evidence supporting the possibility of amplification of the birth weight-blood pressure relation in childhood.
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Accounting reports measure profit and therefore provide direct evidence as to the organization's performance in a year.
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Now the same team has more direct evidence .
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There is indeed direct evidence that mechanical stress can generate intracellular signals that regulate gene expression.
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Secondly, this third stage, was also vouched for by much more direct evidence .
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Sponge-fishing may also have gone on from the ports, though there is no direct evidence of it.
experience
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Such direct experience helps the nurse to develop sensitivity and self-awareness.
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Few people learn about politics through direct experience .
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In this paragraph we have the basis for Brian Way's philosophy: he is interested in introducing direct experience into education.
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She has no direct experience but has heard from other kids that it exists.
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But Wilkes said they can offer something unique to their practice because of their direct experience of oppression.
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There is a freeing of thought from direct experience .
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As the first medical officer of health for Lambeth he gained direct experience of cholera and other water-borne diseases.
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My only direct experience with murder weapons was Cluedo, but even I knew enough not to mess with it.
flight
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There are also new direct flights from Newcastle, Norwich and Birmingham.
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Nova was developing in parallel as a booster capable of hurling a spacecraft to the Moon on a direct flight mission.
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She argued in favour of a direct flight to London and then on to Jersey.
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A late morning direct flight takes you to Kathmandu where you will stay at the Oberoi Soaltee Hotel for 2 nights.
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On the grounds of minimizing risk, many of them had decided on a direct flight that did not involve docking spacecraft.
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Fast direct flight with quick clipped wing-beats; at rest bobs head when suspicious.
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However, direct flight had its drawbacks as well.
hit
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Opposite An archer fish achieves a direct hit .
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With a beautiful clean throw Trondur made a direct hit .
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One scored a direct hit but, despite being showered with glass, there were no serious injuries.
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Both were direct hits , as he knew they would be.
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The bomb had been a direct hit and only the last few dwellings had still been standing afterwards.
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He was killed instantly, a direct hit .
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A direct hit on the Al-Rasheed was ruled out because of the western journalists there.
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I lay under my cot and prayed that our hooch would not take a direct hit with a rocket.
impact
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For developing countries, volatility increased the direct impact on their domestic policies and plans.
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This had a direct impact on the problem-solving time which is now on average 8.5 times longer than in the 1980s.
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The direct impact of improving health in later life has been relatively recent.
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National systems of testing use light sampling methods and therefore the direct impact on the curriculum is unlikely to be large.
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It has a direct impact on our growth as persons, happy or unhappy.
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The policies which had the most direct impact concerned income tax.
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The use of computers or programmable logic controllers in systems which have a direct impact on safety obviously requires special care.
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As you might expect, some behaviours are more influential than others but all behaviours have a direct impact on other people.
influence
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Probably the most effective direct influence by employment interests on the college curriculum comes from their membership of course committees.
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The evidence suggests, then, that the direct influence of religious doctrine on individual reproductive decisions is weak.
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Notice that few of these regulations have any direct influence upon the direction of insurance companies' investment funds.
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It is difficult to detect any direct influence of Darwin's writings on the development of the main stream of plant ecology.
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In the provincial press, and especially the local weeklies, it is more difficult to believe that direct influence was rare.
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Within the health service the very direct influence of the doctors has been subjected to considerable attention by policy analysts.
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Results from the project have had a direct influence on the development of a new model of human memory.
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It is in the field of editorial content that the Great and Good of independent television have exercised their most direct influence .
investment
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As this century has advanced, so investment trusts have developed to embrace more direct investment in the shares of other companies.
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He pointed to a lag in technology as a factor against such direct investment .
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We are trying to drag them here soas to get direct investment and to get foreign capital without incurring foreign debt.
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In the 1990s such investment has grown more quickly than direct investment.
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They became less willing to transfer capital to the most troubled borrowers by the conventional means of foreign direct investment .
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In principle, direct investment brings with it better management, improved technology, and marketing expertise.
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That direct investment is itself controversial.
involvement
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They are a useful alternative for small companies whose overseas operations are limited, not warranting the expense of direct involvement .
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But Bonior, the second-ranking House Democrat, denied any direct involvement .
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By and large, Sussex escaped a very direct involvement in the war since the main battles were fought elsewhere.
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We invited direct involvement from the profession.
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This can only be achieved with the direct involvement of current and potential service users and frontline staff in setting service targets.
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It is only through direct involvement that Guinness can guarantee that local marketing is consistent with its international strategy.
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Dearlove focuses on the pressures to encourage the direct involvement of business interests at local level.
line
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Do not put fluffy rugs in front of open fires, where they are in the direct line of sparks.
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As far as I could remember I'd rowed ashore in a fairly direct line from Joanna to the beach.
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For information on this, please contact Drew Jamieson of this department on direct line 031-469 3849.
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We're in a direct line from Tara for Medoc's spies.
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The fires and entrance are oriented in direct line with the midsummer sunset.
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Since Sussex offered the most direct line of communication with Normandy, it received special attention.
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These entreaties, though modified, come in a direct line from the prophets of the Old Testament.
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Positioned at the far end of the lake was a clump of trees in direct line to the aircraft's take-off path.
link
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These are the indirect links and they are as essential for profit contribution as the direct links.
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But so far, no direct link has been made between any of these corpses and the Pernkopf anatomy.
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In fact there is no direct link between the status of women and the reckoning of descent in one line or another.
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Not all studies support a direct link between fat malabsorption and faecal bile acid losses.
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The M56 and A56 provide a direct link with the A55, from Manchester.
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There may be merely a less direct link .
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Gatwick in on the Victoria line, offering a direct link with Hastings, and is approximately 50 miles by road.
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The man was another one of those loose ends, potentially a direct link to himself.
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The Advertising Standards Authority embraces press, poster, cinema advertising and direct mail .
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And, coupons come via direct mail .
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The direct mail business is a growth industry.
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The program includes brochures, direct mail , television and radio ads, utility bill inserts and the live-operator call center.
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Direct Mail One of the most effective ways to recruit and encourage members and supporters is by direct mail.
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Airlines run tours, sell junk by direct mail , arrange hotel reservations, while computer companies hardly even handle computer hardware.
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If you don't want direct mail from any company there is a surprisingly easy remedy.
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Some £930 million was spent on direct mail in 1990.
marketing
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Honda is supporting the ads for its new Civic model with a £750,000 direct marketing campaign through Jane Porter Direct.
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A direct marketing channel moves goods directly from manufacturer to consumer.
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In the case of direct marketing the immediate purchaser may be the actual consumer.
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Channel A represents a direct marketing channel.
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In the 1980s geodemographic systems were hailed as the powerful new direct marketing technique.
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In combination, the two data sources and techniques probably provide the latest sate-of-the-art in direct marketing .
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A computer database and direct marketing mail shots are among ideas under consideration.
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Britain's direct marketing industry employs more than 25,000 people and generates more than £9 billion in trade and revenue a year.
method
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As such it can be an indirect as well as direct method of exporting, depending upon the arrangement.
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The most direct methods to achieve political objectives involve some form of political action.
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Indeed the Post Office is believed to be the first major organisation to provide the details by the direct method .
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Such direct methods were hardly possible except with the backing of military power.
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Venus has no satellite and so this less direct method had to be used.
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Particularly useful in drawing and design, the two button pen provides the user with a very direct method of control.
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It's only thirty miles away, but there's no direct method of getting there because of the reef.
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A less direct method is to encourage the growth of clovers in the sward.
object
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The predictability of the direct objects of gnash and purse is revealed by the pleonastic nature of?
observation
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Accounting tends to supersede direct observation because the units to be controlled are usually many and they are also probably geographically dispersed.
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Addams' work is filled with direct observations and descriptions of happenings.
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There is never any sense of working from direct observation of nature.
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From their direct observations they absorb a model of marriage.
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Generally, however, worksheets should ask questions that require direct observation on site.
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Analysis at this level of detail is not usually attempted by direct observation but rather by film or video analysis.
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Assistance must likely be uncovered through direct observation , or through accounts of people who worked with the visionary.
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Possession of such direct observations on expectations would allow us to test the validity of the rational expectations hypothesis in two ways.
proportion
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Could it be that Europeanism is in direct proportion to dissatisfaction with one's own political institutions?
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And as the country got wilder, the population grew thinner and loveliness increased in direct proportion to danger.
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The value of higher education, on this view, is in direct proportion to the critical capacities of its graduates.
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This indicates that ferritin is released into the serum normally in direct proportion to the amount stored in tissues.
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Latin temperaments rose in exasperation in direct proportion to their owners' frustration.
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As one grows the other grows in direct proportion .
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A spinning cylinder generates lift in direct proportion to the acceleration it imparts on the air streaming by.
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Faith's value, some even suggest, grows in direct proportion to its lack of a rational basis.
question
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Initially, he had bucked against her restraints, often asking her direct questions about her previous life, about his father.
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No one in our family answered direct questions very well.
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The direct questions we needed to ask of deaf people could not be asked adequately, since we were only language learners.
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Is the apparently overconfident patient too afraid to ask a direct question ?
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It made Auntie Lou nervous to be asked direct questions .
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Faced with such a direct question , and from Mrs Langham, he felt obliged to reply.
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Had he been there earlier he might have been asked a less direct question .
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Day asked a direct question like a dagger pointed at the jugular.
relationship
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Thus a direct relationship can be established between bidirectional reflectance and biomass for the grasses.
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There is a positive or direct relationship between a change in demand and the resulting changes in equilibrium price and quantity.
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It is a tradition in which each devotee must have a direct relationship with a Sufi sheikh.
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Clergy have a prime role in setting up schools and a favoured position of direct relationships with the appropriate state institutions.
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It is always difficult to establish any direct relationship between campaign contributions and specific legislation.
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When the effects of this additional factor are analysed, the direct relationship between economic development and institutional performance disappears.
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It was the 1960s before the bishops began to distance themselves from direct relationships with the government of the day.
response
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But caution had reasserted itself, a direct response to his mockery.
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Gamble, announced last week that it would follow a direct response model for Web advertising.
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You rarely see a direct response ad which does not put a clear offer - and the price - in its headline.
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She nursed them, but they talked to him, vocalising in direct response to his cooing-even as tiny infants.
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Furthermore, these forms of behaviour are not simply direct responses to external stimuli.
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This is, clearly, a pretty naive view, even of a direct response campaign.
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The first is through what is called direct response - where people volunteer information about themselves.
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In poetry, it is the student's direct response which is called for.
result
▪
They were a direct result of the Uprising.
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Much of this is the direct result of the selection of more optimal sites for planting the grape.
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The rise of corporate power is a direct result of governments' actively adopting neoliberal economic policies.
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What they often fail to see is that cults are a direct result of blocked politics.
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This return to a leaner structure is a direct result of the downturn in sales in key areas such as Impressionist paintings.
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I think we should see this pessimism as a direct result of adopting the representational theory of the mind.
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Looking back from the 860s, Charles saw this as the direct result of divine intervention.
route
▪
Previously a runner could choose to make the 900 foot ascent on the same direct route as the descent.
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It looked as if the most direct route was through the green blotch on the map and the horizon: pines.
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From here it's a pretty direct route back to National Airport tomorrow.
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In general, pedestrians prefer to walk on the level and by direct routes .
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This was the most direct route from Rome to Byzantium.
▪
These two mills were also on the direct route to Bristol and within a few miles of Fromebridge.
▪
All the direct routes to Ireland are carefully guarded.
rule
▪
The decision to impose direct rule followed the expiry of Governor's rule at midnight on July 18.
▪
By midnight, there was no indication that Milosevic had imposed direct rule in the capital.
▪
For example this happened in 1972 when the Westminster Parliament reimposed direct rule in Northern Ireland.
▪
In March 1972, the Stormont parliament and executive were abolished and direct rule was applied.
▪
The path least likely to cause trouble appears to be the continuation of direct rule from Westminster.
▪
Introducing direct rule had been easy enough; ending it was a problem.
▪
Apparently fearing that direct rule might be imposed, the Moldavian Supreme Soviet voted on Dec. 30 to endorse the decree.
▪
The period of the King's direct rule was one of peace and prosperity.
sale
▪
These arrangements with established publishers also make it possible to reach bookshops through direct sales representation.
▪
Since then, the number of direct sales outlets has increased significantly.
▪
The result has been an explosion in direct sales .
▪
Netwise thought direct sales would increase by expanding into potential geographical markets.
▪
Stratus attributes part of the decline to an increase in its own direct sales .
▪
These direct sales forecasts may be constructed using the methods described in this chapter, and Chapter Eight.
▪
Each of the five centres intends to provide direct sales , demonstrations, project design and planning and systems integration.
▪
Ask also set up a new distribution business unit which will integrate its worldwide direct sales operations.
sunlight
▪
Unfortunately it get direct sunlight , and is afflicted with algae.
▪
Winter, summer, spring, or fall, the Vanyas' house received no direct sunlight .
▪
Never fall asleep in direct sunlight .
▪
They need bright light, but should be watched for signs of scorching in strong direct sunlight during the summer.
▪
For one thing, the rate is dependent on temperature, and exposure to direct sunlight over long periods increases hydration.
▪
In bright or open shade, there is no direct sunlight but plenty of indirect light.
▪
It is important to store pressed material flat, away from direct sunlight and as free from dust as possible.
▪
In full shade there is no direct sunlight , but there is some indirect light.
tax
▪
This points to shifting the emphasis away from direct tax on people's incomes and on to taxes on wealth or on spending.
▪
Moving on, Doumer increased his revenues by funneling customs duties and direct taxes into his central treasury.
▪
In 1294-7, it has been calculated, the laity and clergy together yielded £280,000 in direct taxes to the king.
▪
Then on March 22, 1765, Parliament in the Stamp Act imposed the first direct tax on the colonies.
▪
But the larger part is supposed to come from direct taxes .
▪
To recap the method, direct taxes have a legal framework facilitating the assessment of the overall effective marginal tax rates.
▪
In contrast, direct taxes can only be changed at Budget time.
▪
Income tax is by far the most important direct tax, alone contributing almost 26% of government receipts.
taxation
▪
For example, the Long-term programme of Economic Stabilization recommended that there should be a shift away from indirect taxation towards direct taxation.
▪
Some income will be taken in direct taxation , such as income tax and so will not be available for other uses.
▪
That is the policy which we have pursued consistently, with the result that direct taxation has come down substantially.
▪
Strictly speaking we should add the various National Insurance contributions to the total for direct taxation .
▪
Given the progressive nature of taxation , the proportion of earnings paid in direct taxation varies.
▪
In 1980-81 the highest 10% of earners paid approximately one-quarter of their earnings in direct taxation .
▪
A local income tax would give councils the power to jeopardise Britain's belated conversion to a belief in low direct taxation .
▪
These negative effects of direct taxation can not any longer be ignored.
way
▪
Royal power worked through the church in more direct ways .
▪
But a more direct way exists for the Moon to influence fertility.
▪
Instead, he chose to reply to Goma's letter in his own direct way .
▪
That dispute was settled in the most direct way -- they lined up and hit each other for four hours.
▪
If the theories are successful, some one will find a more direct way of showing that the hypothetical entities are actually there.
▪
He liked her direct way , always liked that in people; not having to figure out where somebody stood.
▪
The most direct way of doing so was by prospecting and directing capital to developing mines in new lands.
▪
For all of them, collage is the most direct way of disrupting the ordered world of published images.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
in (direct) contradiction to sth
▪
Hatred is in contradiction to Christian values.
▪
Delusions are based on wishes too, but they are in contradiction to reality.
▪
He sees the trajectory of his industrial social formation in contradiction to meeting fundamental human and social needs.
▪
Many broadcasters felt that they were expected not to say anything on the air which was in contradiction to Government policy.
▪
Of course, our bodily forms and somewhat disorganized working systems were in contradiction to their understanding of the correct codes of policing.
▪
Schor's evidence is in direct contradiction to the neo-classical income / leisure trade-off model outlined above.
▪
There are thus no circumstances in which the Chewong may behave in contradiction to their ideologically constructed concept of human nature.
▪
This was totally in contradiction to Mr Venables' claim that he was promised security of tenure.
▪
Will there not be a continuity of evolution implied, in contradiction to our postulated discontinuous collapse?
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
Cutbacks in defense spending will have a direct impact on 80,000 jobs.
▪
From 1914 to 1918 the British people had their first direct experience of war from the air.
▪
I'm not in direct contact with them.
▪
I have direct access to the company's database.
▪
It's best to be direct when talking with the management.
▪
People were often scared of my father, who was very direct .
▪
Shade Road would be a more direct route to the freeway.
▪
Sue has direct control over the business.
▪
The Chin tracks in India follow the most direct line between villages, regardless of gradient.
▪
Tyler's fierce public image was a direct contrast to his tender love for his family.
▪
We can get a direct flight to New York.
▪
We have had no direct contact with any government officials.
▪
Weight increases in direct proportion to mass.
▪
Which is the most direct route to London from here?
▪
With her direct manner and good head for business she was soon promoted.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
A satisfactory alternative or addition to biliary brush cytology is direct biopsy of the stricture using small forceps under fluoroscopic control.
▪
Accounting tends to supersede direct observation because the units to be controlled are usually many and they are also probably geographically dispersed.
▪
But poverty is also the direct result of a new historical disadvantage: the exclusion of older men and women from work.
▪
Russell Glass of Premier Partners is more direct .
▪
The file designer will find it worthwhile to examine every direct processing application of an indexed sequential file critically.
▪
The government's concern has led it to exert fairly direct , although informal, control over the pay bargaining process.
▪
There are also new direct flights from Newcastle, Norwich and Birmingham.
II. verb
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
action
▪
This book is directed toward informing action .
▪
It was nationalised in 1946, and has the power to direct the actions of other banks.
▪
They must interpret the internal logic which directs the actions of the actor.
▪
Yet the ideal of perfect love still informs the spirit in which we live directing our thoughts and actions .
▪
Since humans have no instincts to direct their actions , their behaviour must be based on guidelines which are learned.
▪
Similarly, during the Renaissance, humanist theory was directed at language in action .
▪
Would any direct action stem from promptings of age or gender?
activity
▪
Given the nature of the project, Pontus Hulten was an obvious choice to direct the artistic activities of the new Kunsthalle.
▪
These actions are directed by cognitive activity rather than dominated by perceptions, as was the case with preoperational thought.
▪
Those trained allegedly formed a death squad which directed its activity against pro-ANC activists.
▪
They direct and coordinate activities of deans of individual colleges and chairpersons of academic departments.
▪
The right to organize and direct the activities of others is built into the role of leader-manager.
▪
Humphrey knew about it, but decided not to make it public because he could not prove Nixon personally directed those activities .
▪
He might also, quite obviously, direct the activities of bishops throughout the Church, translate them and control them.
attention
▪
The bronze horse-bits, well known from the northern steppelands, also direct our attention that way.
▪
At first they directed all their attention to identifying the right strategy for the organization.
▪
All boys were expected to play sport twice a week-here the manager directed my attention to the window.
▪
Both schizophrenia and mood disorders show evidence of decreased activity in frontal lobes and abnormal function of the system for directed attention .
▪
It directs our attention away from the language itself.
▪
Doing so directs their attention to their drinking and reminds them that they are trying to moderate their consumption.
▪
Then if you find it is starting to gnaw something which it shouldn't you can direct its attention elsewhere.
▪
Broadly speaking, elite analysis directs the researcher's attention towards socio-political determination as opposed to economic determination.
campaign
▪
Zimmerman and Associates was paid about $ 100, 000 in 1995 to direct the failed campaign to defeat Prop 200.
▪
No one directed the campaign from above.
court
▪
An application may be made without notice to the other parties unless the court directs otherwise.
▪
If the court gives leave, the trustee must make provision in respect of the proof in question as the court directs .
▪
In practice this order will also be followed for the purposes of cross-examination and closing speeches unless the court directs otherwise.
▪
The local authority must complete the investigation and report back to the court within eight weeks unless the court directs otherwise.
▪
Therefore, on payment out, the court must direct what is to happen to the accrued interest.
criticism
▪
If Tebbit wished to attack bias as such he should have directed his criticism at the press rather than television.
effort
▪
But how best to direct our efforts for improvement is bound up with our perceptions of the reasons for the differences.
▪
A former Thompson campaign worker, Mary Crutchfield, 30, is directing the Dole effort in that state.
▪
We are committed to prudent exploration and will direct efforts to ventures which offer significant potential.
▪
This focus can be used to direct all recruitment efforts .
▪
Negotiations with Moda'i Initially, Peres directed his efforts towards winning the support of small orthodox religious parties.
▪
In the post-war period Moscow directed much effort towards overcoming its agricultural inferiority vis-à-vis the West, especially the United States.
film
▪
He's directing a new film , Shadowlands, based on the life of C.S. Lewis.
▪
He set out on his own, acting, writing and directing his own films .
▪
But when these documentary imports came to direct films of their own, they revealed distinct personal leanings.
▪
At that stage, Nichols had yet to direct a film .
▪
When Callow himself chooses to direct a film , he finds that Makavejev has told the truth.
jury
▪
The judge is there to hold the ring impartially and to direct the jury on the law.
▪
The Court of Appeal quashed the conviction because the judge had directed the jury in Caldwell terms.
▪
The trial judge did not so direct the jury .
▪
He directed the jury to return verdicts of not guilty, which they did.
operation
▪
Cliff was visible through the windows as he went from room to room directing operations .
▪
Food and beverage managers direct the food service operations of hotels.
▪
Under the state of emergency, the government can take over or direct the operation of public utilities and businesses.
▪
Here General Bragg was directing operations in person...
▪
Then, on-screen menus automatically direct every operation .
policy
▪
Why should the department suddenly have directed its policies to the benefit of the inner city?
▪
It must initiate, formulate and direct general policy .
▪
How far judicial discretion on sentencing should be directed by Government policy is problematic.
▪
The Bureau is directed by a Policy Board of leading elected members and officers from its parent Associations.
▪
A natural endowment approach to equity would direct policy towards the gifted, who are better able to benefit from the policy.
production
▪
In 1955 Kramer decided to direct his own productions , keeping a shrewd eye on both the box-office and the Oscar donors.
▪
Fugard will not act in or direct the La Jolla production , as he did in New York.
▪
Trevor Nunn is directing both productions .
▪
Thus, a reasonable immediate goal would be to direct our domestic oil Production towards fulfilling domestic transportation needs.
▪
In fact, Ninagawa takes just one month to direct a production and rehearses only five hours a day.
▪
And with Herbert Ross initially set to direct , the production has undergone many changes before reaching the Emerald Isle.
question
▪
One could well direct that question to the Labour party.
▪
I was directing this question at Jen, who was fishing in her coffee for something.
▪
He directed his question at no-one in particular.
▪
She directs the question to Primo this time.
research
▪
Sometimes chance discovery directs research on to new and profitable lines.
▪
In 1964 he founded the Glynn Research Laboratories, where he directed biochemical research until 1986.
▪
Accordingly I directed my researches to the first steps on the ladder, the branch and workshop.
work
▪
They need initiative, self-discipline, and the ability to organize and direct the work of others.
▪
These higher-ranked demons have the responsibility of directing the work of the lower ranking ones.
■ VERB
write
▪
Don't miss this funny, poignant, visual production written and directed by acclaimed playwright John Godber.
▪
A confused treatment of a good idea, written and directed by Mark Peploe.
▪
He set out on his own, acting, writing and directing his own films.
▪
Friday at the Opera Plaza. wrote and directed .
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
A steward directed us behind the stage and towards the dressing rooms.
▪
Go and ask the patrolman - he'll direct you to the freeway.
▪
Steinberg directed Argonne's chemistry division from 1982 to 1988.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
A former Thompson campaign worker, Mary Crutchfield, 30, is directing the Dole effort in that state.
▪
All too often attention is directed away from the present encounter to the next so that response is reduced to a minimum.
▪
Evaluation can be directed towards the various aspects of the educational course or programme.
▪
It was a troubled film, directed by Sam Peckinpah who constantly had the Columbia Studio brass breathing down his neck.
▪
Now he directed a section of the Military Intelligence unit concerned with the security of the state from threats outside its boundaries.
▪
Those who are directing the ballpark construction say the lift technology is tested and will pose little danger to workers.
▪
Top level managers direct all computer-related activities in an organization.
III. adverb
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
Dole spoke directly about his age, saying it was not a liability.
▪
I'm flying direct to Dallas from Los Angeles.
▪
It's usually cheaper to buy the goods direct from the wholesaler.
▪
She's not directly involved in the selling side of the business.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
Don the swank, hop on the Vespa, and scoot on down for a lesson in ska direct from Fresno.
▪
Its knowledge comes to it direct .
▪
They wanted to talk to you direct , but I said that would frighten you off.