noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a cut/reduction in expenditure
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There has been a marked reduction in expenditure on some social and welfare services.
a fall/reduction in unemployment
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We are hoping to see a fall in unemployment.
a price cut/reduction
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Holiday sales were down, even with drastic price cuts.
a wage reduction/cut
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Those who kept their jobs had to take large wage cuts.
progressive decline/reduction/increase etc
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the progressive increase in population
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
dramatic
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Even more importantly, it can achieve dramatic reductions in the amount of energy used.
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The main advantage of the Flydaw dramatic reduction in the capital cost of construction.
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High seed rates cause a dramatic reduction in anchorage strength because the spread of the structural roots is restricted.
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This was discussed in chapter 3, but an example will illustrate the often dramatic reduction in manufacturing jobs in rural areas.
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In future, the hon. Gentleman should acknowledge the dramatic reduction in unemployment in his constituency during this Parliament.
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The report was commissioned from scientists in five countries in order to assess the impact of dramatic reductions in carbon emissions.
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Mr. Higgins My right hon. Friend is to be congratulated on the dramatic reduction in the inflation rate.
drastic
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Another reason is the drastic reduction in housing benefit in 1988.
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The drastic reduction in the number of committees was felt to be impracticable.
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He and Dean had just been laid off during a seniority lapse because of a drastic reduction of crews.
further
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It is to be hoped that Essex and Kent will soon assist in further reduction !.
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Congress could extend its temporary funding -- with or without further reductions -- for another month or even a year.
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The profits squeeze has reduced bonuses while a further reduction in overtime means operatives' earnings have suffered.
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Any possibility of further reductions in respite care should be strenuously resisted.
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Thus, beyond a certain point the marginal social benefit of further risk reduction will exceed the marginal social cost.
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And now the Thatcher government threatens further reductions .
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Those who do not wish the Territorial Army well will point to reduced recruiting figures and make claims for further reductions .
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They must show potential proliferators that they are prepared to secure further reductions in their nuclear arsenals.
large
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The largest overall reductions have been achieved in the 85 + age group.
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Yet large and sudden reductions in stock values are not remote events.
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The large reduction in ripple currents is an advantage, but input and output decoupling capacitors are still required.
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In species that forage inshore, clutches are usually larger but brood reduction may occur under adverse circumstances.
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These changes, appropriately pursued, could also bring large long-term reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide and other environmental impacts.
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The largest reduction was in the number of elderly casualties.
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The use of a morphologically-based lexicon can lead to a large reduction in the storage requirements for the lexical information.
major
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The acceleration of a major cost reduction exercise initiated in 1991 and an active portfolio re-focusing programme helped to limit losses.
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We can expect major reductions in the generation of some wastes, and minor reductions in others.
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We did in fact get through a very major reduction at Bournville without any forced redundancies.
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The concessions provided for a total dismantling of customs duties for some products and for major reductions in duties for others.
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The government was committed to further major reductions in defence spending.
overall
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The largest overall reductions have been achieved in the 85 + age group.
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Desulphurization was approximately 73 % with an overall ash reduction estimated at greater than 90 %.
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Furthermore, the overall reduction in residential capacity sometimes means that the most troubled youngsters do not get the help they require.
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This would result in an overall reduction of 30 casualties.
progressive
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A progressive reduction in tissue perfusion may accompany recurrence of Crohn's disease while at a subclinical stage.
sharp
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The reason for the sharp reduction is more security doors, screens, lighting, and alarms.
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The result has been a saving on energy of Aus$90,000 a year and a sharp reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide..
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Mr. Heathcoat-Amory Yes, the sharpest reduction in disconnections for debt has occurred since the companies were put into the private sector.
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However, other observers attributed the sharp reduction in rainfall to the accelerated destruction of tropical forests.
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One of the consequences of the 1988 drought was a sharp reduction in the set-aside programme.
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That's led to a sharp reduction in the volume of other rubbish that's collected in the normal way.
significant
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There was no significant reduction in deaths from myocardial infarction.
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New inventions like the steam plow threshing machine, and reaper led to significant farm workforce reductions .
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The recently published Medical Research Council trial showed a reduction in strokes but no significant reduction in coronary events.
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As expected, shadowing did result in a significant reduction in right field advantage for the verbal task.
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These contributed to a significant reduction in stock losses.
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The last decade has witnessed significant reductions in regulatory barriers to investment in foreign securities.
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Along with this there was a significant reduction in circulating platelet aggregates.
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Both National Westminster and Barclays said earlier this year that there would be significant manpower reductions when their annual results were published.
substantial
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One is an area protection grant which gives extra to areas that suffered a substantial reduction in income from the business rate.
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Instead of expanding nurse training, colleges are planning a substantial reduction in intakes.
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While the urban groups have experienced substantial reductions in real income, their rural cousins have maintained and maybe improved their incomes.
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He could have used exports to get the economy going with a substantial reduction in the exchange rate and greater devaluation.
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Despite substantial reductions in mortgage interest rates confidence did not return to the marketplace.
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The House of Lords held that it was of merchantable quality because it was saleable without any substantial reduction of the price.
■ NOUN
cost
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On top of the recovery in demand, Forte stands to gain the full benefit of cost reductions of £40m made last year.
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An open environment is good for the industry because it promotes innovation and cost reduction , which in turn promote competitiveness.
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The basic driving forces propelling firms abroad come from managers' desires for growth, for cost reduction and for control.
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Even cost reduction , except through material substitution, does not seem to be a focus.
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Predictions for 1993 are only marginally better, hence the emphasis on efficiency and cost reduction will be stronger than ever.
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These cost reductions occurred gradually over a six-year period.
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These cost reductions are improving our margins and profitability.
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The main argument then turned largely to cost-accounting and cost reduction .
debt
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Multilateral institutions would be asked for debt reductions equivalent to those agreed by the private banks.
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He also would establish a national debt-elimination sinking fund to set aside the fruits of economic growth for debt reduction .
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The alternative is to push the task of debt reduction even further into the future.
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Baldwin had aimed by his example at a debt reduction of £1000 million.
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Managers charge a fee and a cut of any debt reduction .
deficit
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Otherwise Congress would have to face the consequences of automatic across-the-board cuts under the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings budget deficit reduction law.
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It is widely asserted, with little evidence, that deficit reduction reduces interest rates.
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The outcome is foreshadowed by the radio speeches, in which he devoted more attention to tax relief than deficit reduction .
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Christopher Shays, R-Conn., announced that he would vote against repeal because it would undercut deficit reduction .
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The projected deficit reduction depended on government revenue rising 22 percent in 1989, and on spending increasing by only 15 percent.
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Bonds began falling late yesterday after talks aimed at crafting a seven-year deficit reduction plan broke off.
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Some of his supporters on the Hill told him to press on further with deficit reduction while he had a fair wind.
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Although money is technically building up in the trust funds, a portion often is withheld as a part of deficit reduction .
plan
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The battle ahead is about what should be in the poverty reduction plans .
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The remainder of the charge will be used to cover other cost-reduction plans .
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Bonds began falling late yesterday after talks aimed at crafting a seven-year deficit reduction plan broke off.
price
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The most widely used consumer promotion is the price reduction or price promotion.
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They may also feature brand name products whose price reductions are subsidized by food manufacturers.
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The resulting estimates will then be used to calculate the changes in welfare resulting from some simple price reduction scenarios of 1992.
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For instance, an ill-judged price reduction may have an opposite effect to that desired.
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Most supermarkets sell a wide range of products - often with special offers and price reductions .
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Following due diligence the purchaser may try to seek price reductions to cover issues which their accountant's have identified.
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In early June the price was affected by a story concerning price reductions in champagne.
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However, Vantec has tiny margins and Nissan will demand further price reductions .
rate
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We have decided that in April 1992 there will be a flat rate reduction of £2 rather than the £3 of last year.
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Leading lenders were last night warning they may not be able to pass on any further rate reductions to mortgage holders.
tax
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Foot said that he could cut unemployment to under one million in five years by public spending, tax reduction and devaluation.
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The goals of the Administration remained the same: tax reductions , not tax increases, spending restraint, not spending cuts.
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Automatically this implies substantial tax reductions .
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The Dole plan is vague as to what programs would be reduced or eliminated to pay for the tax reductions .
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While the president has recommended targeted tax reductions for families with children and education, administration officials oppose across-the-board cuts.
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Knowing that for Republicans a capital gains tax reduction for investors is paramount, the president obligingly provided one of his own.
wage
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The victimization which occurred, the loss of trade union membership, and the wage reductions all seemed to confirm this impression.
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Deregulation clearly led to some wage reductions .
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Widespread wage reductions were imposed during the recession of 1906-9 and price inflation thereafter impeded the recovery of real wage levels.
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It is precisely this group that also took the biggest wage reductions in the 1970s and 1980s.
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The summer of 1925 was hardly the most propitious moment for the textile unions to make their stand against further wage reductions .
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If anything, wage reductions are going to be accelerating.
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Let us assume that insiders are now willing to accept a real wage reduction soas to protect their jobs.
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If a company survives through government subsidies, tax breaks, and wage reductions , is it competitive?
■ VERB
achieve
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Many hoped to achieve a reduction in numbers of follow up appointments.
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How does Health Secretary Virginia Bottomley hope to achieve a ten percent reduction in smokers without a ban on tobacco ads?
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Even more importantly, it can achieve dramatic reductions in the amount of energy used.
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For this reason it is not often possible to achieve a reduction in space requirement by using an inverted file.
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It is unlikely that when they signed they could ever have had the slightest hope of achieving such a reduction .
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Naturally, networks that achieve such frequency-dependent reduction are termed filters.
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Therefore after six months the dieter is behaving according to all twenty-six goals and she has achieved a considerable reduction in sugar intake.
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To set up a working group to look at ways of achieving a reduction of differentials for next year.
cause
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Much concern has been expressed that acid precipitation causes a reduction in forest productivity.
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Shortened red cell survival in patients with uraemia may have caused a reduction in carbamylated haemoglobin in all study groups.
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High seed rates cause a dramatic reduction in anchorage strength because the spread of the structural roots is restricted.
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This causes an immediate reduction in anxiety so in a sense the person is rewarded for running away.
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Hydrogen peroxide and its metabolites do not reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, so superoxide may cause the reduction .
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The latter is thought to cause a reduction in blood flow and may predispose to perforation.
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Compaction of the sediments under very high overburden pressure has caused appreciable porosity reduction .
include
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These include code reduction functions, prefix and suffix operations, scatter operations and data sorting.
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Punishment has included reduction in rank, forfeiture of pay, confinement and bad conduct discharge.
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The restructuring will include job reductions and the closing of two manufacturing plants.
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Group health promotions could include work on weight reduction , diet, exercise and mobility.
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This agreement includes pay reductions at all levels, contracting out of non-core activities and a three year industrial peace clause.
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Our initiatives include cost reduction and operating efficiency programmes and changes to our portfolio of assets.
involve
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Provision of fire corridors and lobbies could involve a reduction in the net space occupied by the company doing the sub-leasing.
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So it appeared obvious that in the absence of a known cause, any rational prevention strategy must involve partner reduction .
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This amount can be estimated from purely private choices involving small risk reductions .
lead
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A currency union is likely to lead to a reduction in member countries' natural rate of unemployment.
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Deregulation clearly led to some wage reductions .
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It would change the military strategies of the former Warsaw Pact countries and lead to troop reductions .
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Three regular meals a day avoiding snacks often leads to weight reduction .
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Although large numbers of staff are not involved, the changes will lead to a reduction in Home Office manpower.
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Sintering usually leads to a reduction in mass with pores becoming more spherical or being eliminated.
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A first step could be to increase regulation, leading to reduction and finally abolition of arms trading.
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New procedures and improved works instructions have led to a dramatic reduction in the manufacture of below-specification material.
mean
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For bonds and other financial assets, this means a reduction in their rate of interest.
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An interruption in the increase in debt means an actual reduction in demand for goods.
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Inevitably this means a reduction in the standard of graduate turned out.
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It pointed out that drilling levels were already falling and predicted this would mean a further considerable reduction .
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This means that the total reduction in particulate emissions will be 90% compared to an untreated engine.
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For many pensioner couples, this should mean a reduction in their tax liability.
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An additional benefit is that the machine is easy to clean, meaning a reduction in labour time.
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Langbaurgh's budget has been limited to £16.5m which will mean a reduction in poll tax bills of £18 a head.
produce
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That effort produced only modest reductions in uniformed personnel and military units and preserved all major procurement programs.
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The diet worked especially well for those with high blood pressure, producing reductions similar to those from single-drug therapy.
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A return to the old plastic sack would presumably produce an equally instant reduction .
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But industry analysts assert that the proposed merger, announced Monday, could produce significant job reductions .
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Rising unemployment was important in producing the reductions in unions' members, funds, and militancy.
propose
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In response, the Guard is resorting to political clout to reverse the proposed reductions .
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Human rights groups object to the proposed 50 percent reduction in the number of refugees who could be admitted to the country.
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The Pentagon study does propose personnel reductions from programmed levels.
result
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This can result due to reductions in overmanning and improvements in other types of slack management procedures.
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This resulted in a marked reduction in the construction of dwellings in the public sector.
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These changes may result in somewhat greater reductions in employee numbers than we had previously envisaged, in addition to any transfer out of teams.
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As expected, shadowing did result in a significant reduction in right field advantage for the verbal task.
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My amendment would result in a reduction in the burden on these people to the tune of 50 percent.
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But both suffered from the blurring of detail which resulted from the reduction in size that their drawings underwent in printed form.
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Helen's frustration with people who don't appreciate her could result in a marked reduction in her tolerance level.
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The current recommended diabetic dietary regimen appears to result in a reduction in lipid cardiovascular risk.
show
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The recently published Medical Research Council trial showed a reduction in strokes but no significant reduction in coronary events.
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Percentage Defects continue to improve as shown by a noticeable reduction in variability and level.
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Other studies have shown that the reduction of risk of heart attack is not the only health benefit of exercise.
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Some 64 % showed reduced fine wrinkling, and 65 % showed reductions in brown spots.
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The data have been verified immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 to show a reduction in the labelling index.
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Patients with frontal lobe damage also show a reduction in emotional responsiveness.
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A subsequent trial in children previously infected with respiratory syncytial virus showed no reduction in either incidence or days of symptoms.
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And many more of the neurons show reductions in activity-inhibition-than do neurons on the right.
spend
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A spokesman for Nissan confirmed that the reduction in component spending would run into millions of pounds annually.
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She funded the reductions by cutting spending and reducing state contributions to various pension and trust funds.
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Republicans have been diligent about insisting that their reductions in spending growth are not actually cuts.
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Over seven years, the change could mean a $ 200 billion reduction in state spending for Medicaid.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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a reduction in working hours
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Cleaner fuel has contributed to a reduction in air pollution.
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New production methods led to a cost reduction of about 50 percent.
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Several holiday firms are offering huge price reductions on winter holidays.
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The U.S. has agreed to an arms reduction proposal.
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There has been a big reduction in the number of issues the president addresses in any given week.
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There were reductions of up to 50% in some stores.
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We offer a reduction for groups of 10 or more.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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And now the Thatcher government threatens further reductions.
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As the formula clearly involved some reduction in wages, this was much more than a formality.
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But industry analysts assert that the proposed merger, announced Monday, could produce significant job reductions.
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Despite considerable reductions in pollution into the estuaries such as the Tees, Northumbrian region did not achieve the expected upgrade.
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Managers charge a fee and a cut of any debt reduction .
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Prosecutors are now discussing a reduction of the charges against Lundwall to a misdemeanor for his cooperation.