or renal failure
Partial or complete loss of kidney function.
Acute failure causes reduced urine output and blood chemical imbalance, including uremia . Most patients recover within six weeks. Damage to various kidney structures can result from chemical exposure, major blood loss, crush injury , hypertension , severe burns , severe kidney infections, diabetes mellitus , renal artery or urinary tract blockage, and liver diseases. Complications include heart failure , pulmonary edema, and high potassium levels. Chronic failure usually results from long-term kidney diseases. The blood becomes too acidic, bones can lose calcium, and nerves can degenerate. The kidneys can sustain life until they lose about 90% of their function. If one is removed, the other increases in size and function to compensate. Failure of both usually requires dialysis or kidney transplant .