CHINDWIN RIVER

main tributary of the Irrawaddy River, northern Myanmar (Burma). The Chindwin is formed in the Patkai and Kumon ranges of the Indo-Myanmar border by a network of headstreams including the Tanai, Tawan, and Taron. Called Ningthi by the Manipuris of India, it drains northwest through the Hukawng valley and then begins its 520-mile (840-kilometre) main course. The Chindwin generally flows southward through the Naga Hills and past the towns of Singkaling Hkamti, Homalin, Thaungdut, Mawlaik, Kalewa, and Monywa. Below the Hukawng valley, falls and reefs interrupt it at several places. At Haka, goods must be transferred from large boats to canoes. The Uyu and the Myittha are the main tributaries of the system, which drains approximately 44,000 square miles (114,000 square km). During part of the rainy season (June-November), the Chindwin is navigable by river steamer for more than 400 miles (640 km) upstream to Singkaling Hkamti. It joins the Irrawaddy River near Myingyan. The Chindwin's outlets into the Irrawaddy are interrupted by a succession of long, low, partially populated islands. According to tradition, the most southerly of these outlets is an artificial channel cut by one of the kings of Pagan. Choked up for many centuries, it was reopened by an exceptional flood of 1824.