SQUARE

in geometry, a plane figure with four equal sides and four right (90) angles. A square is a special kind of rectangle (an equilateral one) and a special kind of parallelogram (an equilateral and equiangular one). A square has four axes of symmetry, and its two finite diagonals (as with any rectangle) are equal. Bisection of a square by a diagonal results in two right triangles. If the length of the side of a square is s, then the area of the square is s2, or s squared. From this relation is derived the algebraic use of the term square, which denotes the product that results from multiplying any algebraic expression by itself. (Left) Try square and (right) steel square (Left) Try square and (right) steel square in measurement, device consisting of two straightedges set at right angles to each other. It is used by carpenters and machinists for checking the correctness of right angles, as a guide when drawing lines on materials before cutting, or for locating holes. The tools shown in the Figure are carpenter's squares. There are two main types of machinist squares: the precision steel square, which resembles the try square in the Figure but is not graduated, and the combination square set. The latter consists of a steel ruler and three attachments that can slide and be clamped on itnamely, the centre head, the protractor, and the square head. The centre head has two legs situated at right angles to each other that straddle the ruler in such a way that one edge of the ruler bisects the right angle; when the legs are in contact with a circular cylinder near one end, the edge of the ruler can be used as a guide for drawing a diametral line on the end of the cylinder. The protractor has a blade that can be set at any angle relative to the axis of the ruler. The square has two main surfaces, one at right angles to the ruler axis and one at 45 degrees. In drafting, a T-shaped instrument known as a T square is used for establishing a horizontal reference on the drafting board.