adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
foreign/external affairs (= events in other countries )
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the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
outside/external influence (= happening from outside a country or a situation )
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They must make their own decisions, free from external influence.
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The US remains the biggest outside influence on the country.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
as
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In Middle-earth, then, both good and evil function as external powers and as inner impulses from the psyche.
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Motivation for learning is viewed as external .
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And both classes may include genes that originated as external , invading parasites.
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Unintelligent control appears as external domination.
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It is modified continuously as external data is received and transformed into information.
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The housewife refers to them as external obligations to which she feels a deep need to conform.
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So classes and nations fight it out, and conflict escalates as external authority is removed.
■ NOUN
affair
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We can see the results of this in both the internal and external affairs of the house.
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The rule protected States from intervention by other States in their external affairs and maintained the inherent bilateralism of international law.
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The Governor, representing the sovereign, is responsible for external affairs , defence and internal security.
agency
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In achieving these results, the college acknowledges the benefits of working in partnership with several external agencies .
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Inevitably review plays a great part in the process of quality control by external agencies .
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He feels that there is no way that an external agency can obtain the feel of a market place like Lloyd's.
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The existence of a partnership has also provided an appropriate forum through which external agencies can be channelled.
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During this period the system will have to be backed-up either by your previous in-house production methods or by external agencies .
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Referral to an assessment panel may come from staff or parents or external agencies .
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Do schools make the best use of external agencies ?
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Could they liaise more with external agencies to develop a co-ordinated programme which makes the best use of their respective strengths?
appearance
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The many enchanting designs from that period are almost wholly devoted to external appearance , to cottages as features in the landscape.
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Finally, some explanation could be given for the long-known facts of the external appearance of crystals and their properties.
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Conservation Ruberlok is applied internally to the underside of the roof leaving the external appearance unchanged.
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They are often indistinguishable in external appearance from the larger nonconformist chapels in the next street.
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Nobody knows how many different species there might be, even in a taxonomy based on external appearance .
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Today Glascoed's external appearance is largely unchanged and its scale is as awesome as ever.
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Remember that the success behind this unit relies on a convincing external appearance .
auditor
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The proposals also aim to overcome the present problems relating to the independence, accountability and legal liability of external auditors .
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An external auditor will need to carry out detailed checking of records and procedures.
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For this reason a change of name is proposed from external auditors to external assessors.
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An external auditor must decide the scope of the work to be undertaken to discharge his or her duties.
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In this connection an external auditor will wish to consider what reliance should be placed on an internal audit.
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Review by another lawyer File audits Quality standards are monitored by internal and external auditors .
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And, in practice, the external auditor will take account of this in carrying out the statutory audit.
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However, because the ultimate responsibility is given to the external auditor , the role of the internal auditor is not emphasized.
benefit
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For instance volunteer groups create external benefits by improving the appearance of the environment, through best-kept village competitions or reclaiming old canals.
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Such benefits and costs are called spillover or external benefits and costs.
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Those provisions covered in-house benefits as well as external benefits.
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Goods which are completely rivalrous, by definition, can not yield external benefits .
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Some goods can give private and external benefits .
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These external benefits are enjoyed by all and so are non-rivalrous.
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Additional output of goods which yield external benefits can be obtained by giving subsidies to private sector firms for producing them.
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In the case of external benefits this does not normally raise any major problems because such cost is an isolated expenditure.
cause
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The external cause of the rhythms of urine formation comes from two sources: our diet and changes in posture.
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The important role of the environment in modifying behaviour, the external cause , has already been described.
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We try to establish what caused it - was it an internal or an external cause?
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The aim of this experiment is to study individuals under circumstances in which the external causes of rhythms are removed.
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There is, however, a possible external cause to them as well as, or instead of, the internal cause.
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The difficulty is that it is usually a mixture of both - in which case it all gets blamed on external causes .
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Unfortunately for us, internal and external causes do not always co-operate.
circumstances
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Given similar external circumstances , we might well have reacted as they have done, and we would have lost our children.
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You are thrown into it by your personal sense of responsibility, combined with a complex set of external circumstances .
constraint
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This is so because the former quite possibly face weaker external constraints and because management may not encounter such sophisticated incentive structures.
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First, there is the external constraint structure.
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Expert Systems Problem Solving/Minimisation Within a specific environment problems may be solved or they may only minimised depending upon external constraints imposed.
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In short, choice is narrowed by internal as well as external constraints .
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The results will provide deeper insight into the impact of external constraints and competing functional goals upon the firm's marketing effectiveness.
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These areas of conduct have become more subject to self-constraint and less subject to external constraint .
control
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Something is missing in this shift from internal to external control .
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It is particularly susceptible to external control leading to dependence rather than internal growth.
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Hierarchy simply served to protect the incompetent and the officious from external control through the mutual support of superiors and subordinates.
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Another useful preliminary distinction is that between external control over sentencing discretion as opposed to self-regulation practised by sentencers themselves.
course
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This foundation course is followed by the three-tier concept comprising shelf-help, in-house training and external courses.
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Advantage should be taken of external courses where these can be shown to be relevant and cost effective.
debt
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Despite this major problem, banks must endeavour to monitor the external debt position of countries.
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However, providing foreign currency receipts from exports are available to service external debt , no real problems should arise.
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A high ratio invariably means future output growth and, hopefully, improved external debt servicing capacity through increased exports.
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Naturally, large external debts were incurred to banks, foreign governments and world agencies.
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The overall external debt was US$6,900 million.
environment
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It simply indicates that the focus of attention is our thoughts rather than our external environment .
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There-fore, you often must convert or encode data from the external environment .
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Attention is focused on the external environment and markets, rather than customers.
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This activity will continue until the system breaks down internally or is subject to an intervention from the external environment .
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The intact skin acts as a barrier between the internal and the external environment which contains many potentially harmful agents.
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I feel that we can take control of our own destiny, no matter what the external environment says.
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Their survival depends on how they respond to changes in the external environment .
event
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Your jealousy is always triggered by some external event or happening.
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The interactive nature of external events , and your emotional and physical reactions to them, can make work toxic.
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Alternatively, an external event like the death of a loved one can precipitate change.
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This year, external events are expected to drive the Hong Kong market.
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You concentrate on external events only.
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This process supplies the enterprise with evidence of its capability to succeed, regardless of external events and circumstances.
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I could not affect external events , all I could change was my own response to them.
examination
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The first two will be assessed for certification by external examination while Investigating is assessed internally.
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Most of our pupils will be ready to sit the external examination in May of S5.
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Because of the devolved nature of National Certificate assessment, much more feedback is available than from a traditional external examination .
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More senior pupils in schools can use a word processor to write up projects or dissertations for internal or external examinations .
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Historically, she has laid much greater stress than her continental neighbours on sophisticated external examinations at the end of compulsory schooling.
examiner
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The subject examinations committee discusses moderations by the external examiner which may, of course, affect recommendations published in the examination booklet.
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The paper is corrected and assessed by the teacher and by one external examiner .
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Britain's teachers too would welcome more use of external examiners , to lighten their workload.
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Others feel that double marking is essential in order to be fair to students and external examiners .
factor
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Firstly, changing external factors meant that many plans became rapidly out of date and so they could never be implemented properly.
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We are not internally controlled in our actions but more externally controlled, and one of the external factors is the guilt.
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The proposition linking external factors to workshop behaviour rested on the first three studies.
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We examine why the road to our project might be closed by internal and external factors .
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A mixed picture emerged, characterised by a number of adverse external factors .
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What has been done, and what is morally judged, is partly determined by external factors .
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It is not influenced by external factors .
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The truth is that behaviour is caused simultaneously by a combination of internal and external factors .
forces
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An equilibrium achieved by balancing the internal and external forces along a continuous boundary will reveal the qualities of the skin.
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Similar claims regarding violation of sovereignty are made by almost every state experiencing substantial political violence generated by internal or external forces .
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Any assessment of Britain's economic performance has to take account of these powerful external forces .
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It helps these organizations ward off external forces and the prospect of change.
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At issue is whether these apparent climate shifts are driven by internal or external forces .
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The play portrays a good marriage torn apart by external forces .
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While internal forces were causing the expansion of the School, external forces were once again working to contract it.
influence
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Eating habits have changed under external influences , and it is not always easy for farming to adapt to such changes.
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First, remove the external influences to the maximum extent possible.
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The autonomic nervous system disperses and concentrates pigment throughout the body after external influences such as fear or temperature change.
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Here, networks use no external influences to adjust their weights.
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He saw that the alternative was to suppose that cells become different because they are exposed to different external influences .
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The rhythm is responding to an external influence that has not been controlled in the experimental protocol.
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It is quite possible that the Wandjina figures owe their origin to external influence .
information
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In the format for the interviews, the external information was divided into five categories as listed below.
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He is joined by Peter Fairbairn, 54, who has been appointed an external information technology consultant.
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Again, insufficient external information was raised as a difficulty, especially among less profitable organisations.
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Strategic direction and decision making are about choosing the right road, and they need a high degree of external information .
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It also provides access to many external information services.
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End user specified external information . 3.
object
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The senses, the imagination, and the judgment are the natural human powers concerned with external objects .
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We accept that the matter of reception of external objects by the senses is roughly universal.
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So what he says about external objects may be false in spite of being founded on observation.
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False perception can arise only if the nervous system has spontaneous activity independently of any causative external object .
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According to this conception, ideas may be internal sensations like pain; they may be perceptions of external objects and their qualities.
power
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In Middle-earth, then, both good and evil function as external powers and as inner impulses from the psyche.
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Such a piece of plutonium can maintain high temperatures without any external power supply, controls, or monitoring for many years.
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The negotiations with external powers were expected to be much more difficult.
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Accusations of cheating by the use of borrowed external power could easily be met.
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I intend to use an external power filter.
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They don't require an external power source, but are expensive and you can't use them with a desktop.
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There are connections for an external power amplifier or powered subwoofer.
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Many fishkeepers purchase an external power filter and use it for years with the same media.
pressure
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The securities industry also demonstrates particularly well the dangers of going international as a result of external pressure rather than internally-perceived opportunities.
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Q: Were you under tremendous external pressure to reach a deal?
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The overwhelming temptation and the external pressures will inevitably lead the other way; to take a quick decision and move on.
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There were many new external pressures to be considered.
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Secondly, each system is able to respond to internal and external pressures , and indeed must do so.
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It is small wonder that he sought quiet and freedom from external pressure to follow his inner vision.
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Pressures were transmitted to external pressure transducers and recorded on a polygraph.
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What weight is to be attached to environmental and other external pressures in understanding how its members live together?
reality
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The individual suspends his critical judgement and involvement in external reality to becoming passively absorbed in an imaginary world.
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Still, these external realities inform rather than dictate the novel.
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When it dropped her back inside the moment, the external realities of Kärtnerstrasse seemed a pastiche of the Middle Ages.
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In these projections the movement is not of external reality inward but of the self outward.
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These inner phantasies are projected into the external reality which is then re-incorporated as objective reality.
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A stronger sense of self, based on a combination of external reality and internal ideas, begins to emerge.
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Marx none the less believed that an external reality did exist, and that human consciousness could understand it.
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As such, the subject contains internal objects, representations which determine the relation to what is misleadingly called external reality .
source
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We shall in future also be making greater use of external sources of technology.
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It simply services all the other spending funds, by borrowing from external sources and lending internally.
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It is through this means that women can pull and attract others and draw into themselves energies from external sources .
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Whether is it typed in via the keyboard, generated via mouse movements or information received from any other external source .
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Advice on hardware is being obtained from external sources at present.
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They are increasingly being funded by external sources , such as industry.
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The communications network is designed to prevent unauthorised access to the system from external sources .
stimulus
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As a result, they do not merely react to external stimuli , they do not simply behave, they act.
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The trigger is usually some external stimulus , not necessarily an obvious one.
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They give rise to behavioural responses to external stimuli that are enduring and consistent within a person's psychological constitution.
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In the same way, external stimuli become incorporated into dreams in order to reduce their arousing effect.
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Cognitive social psychologists assume that it is pan of human nature to reduce uncertainty by processing the external stimulus world through schemata.
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In the past century the institutions and the external stimuli affecting the relation between finance and industry have been chopped and changed.
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We do not initiate action; we react to a series of external stimuli .
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More significantly, he also realized that this electrical activity was affected by external stimuli falling on the sense organs.
threat
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Yet except in times of war or acute external threat , this seems rarely to happen in modern democratic societies.
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But external threats can make for improbable subdivision bedfellows.
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Democratic states, like all others, survive through their ability to withstand external threats .
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A society, apparently working well, can stand impotent before its most domestic and external threats and important opportunities.
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The external threat has been Assad's biggest problem - and perhaps his own guarantee of survival.
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Both, however, were under external threat from barbarians more or less thinly disguised.
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Numerous nations have not only experienced external threats , but have been torn apart by internal struggle as well.
use
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Simple processing of forms and documents for internal and external use .
wall
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There will be a rolling maintenance programme of the external walls and roof to ensure they continue to be wind and watertight.
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Inside the Castle proper, buildings have external walls of stone some 9 inches thick for the most part.
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However, to public and professionals alike many old buildings are still regarded as representing little more than four external walls .
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At last there were just the external walls to be given a final coat of white paint.
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The building's external walls are faced in ironstone setts with Bath stone dressings to corners and door and window openings.
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The thin, external walls of the chimneys are porous and so oxygen from the outside atmosphere diffuses in.
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The external walls of the churches are decorated simply by pilaster strips and corbelled string courses with arcading, as in Lombardy.
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Beams enter the external walls only at the gables.
world
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Attachment Although desires are internal, they are all linked to the external world through objects.
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They were free from all boredom and all responsibility; until they reached Saturn, the external world did not exist.
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Both your internal and external world changed because some one spoke a few words.
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The external world through which Bob Jones moves denies continuity as ruthlessly as does his inner one.
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The ego is that part of the id which has through perception been modified by the external world .
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Through assimilation and accommodation, the external world one experiences is organized and given structure.
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A man of a few carefully-placed words, not to lose contact with the external world .
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The only world which modern man considers at all is the external world of which his senses make him cognizant.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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external affairs
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An external auditor is brought in to examine the accounts.
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Dickins has been resisting external pressure to resign as the head of the organization.
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Most backpacks today have internal rather than external frames
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The external walls of the castle are beginning to crumble.
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There are no external signs of injury.
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Without external pressure, it is unlikely the civil rights abuses would have stopped.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Apart from the domestic danger of a disenfranchised population, there is an external danger also.
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However, cultural forms themselves are essentially external to human beings as actors.
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In their view, corporate strategies fail because they consider problems in the external environment but not those internal to the organization.
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Internal or external filters have many fans.
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Language itself is, however, learned through external transmission.
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Vertebrates do it by means of a backbone and internal skeleton, arthropods achieve structural rigidity by means of a tough external skeleton or shell.
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Williamson would stand as Exhibit A for changed external conditions.
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Zeno believed that people could govern their actions without the need for external compulsion.