ESFAHAN SCHOOL

last great school of Persian miniature painting, at its height in the early 17th century under the patronage of the Safavid ruler Shah 'Abbas I (d. 1629). The Esfahan school's leading master was Reza 'Abbasi, who was greatly influenced by the Kazvin school of portraiture, particularly the work of Sadiqi Beg (fl. late 16th century). Reza 'Abbasi preferred naturalistic subjects and portraiture to the illustrative themes that had dominated Persian miniature painting for 200 years. His painting Two Lovers (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) is among the most accomplished works of the Esfahan school. Although there is an element of stylization, the exquisiteness and delicacy of the hands, faces, and costumes infuse the painting with an impressionistic quality. The curved, plumpish figures are highly effeminate, in the tradition of the late Safavid court. Reza 'Abbasi was also a master of line drawing, a form of art not popular in the Islamic world before the end of the 16th century. Painters of the Esfahan school imitated Reza 'Abbasi's style, and, although they never equaled the master, they produced much delightful work through the beginning of the 18th century. Among Reza 'Abbasi's best pupils were his son Mohammad Shafi' and Mo'in Mosavver. The Esfahan school lost its freshness after the master's death, and miniature painting in Iran declined.