NOMA HIROSHI

born Feb. 23, 1915, Kobe, Hyogo ken [prefecture] Japan died Jan. 2, 1991, Tokyo Japanese novelist who wrote Shinku chitai (1952; Zone of Emptiness), which is considered to be one of the finest war novels produced after World War II. Noma was brought up to succeed his father as head priest of a Buddhist sect, but as a youth he was increasingly drawn to Marxist ideology. He became interested in French Symbolist poetry, showing strong influences of James Joyce, Andr Gide, and Marcel Proust, and before entering the University in 1935 he studied under the Symbolist poet Takeuchi Katsutaro. He graduated from Kyoto Imperial University in 1938 with a specialty in French literature and was heavily involved in the Kerun, the underground student movement, and the Kansai labour movement. During World War II he was drafted and sent to the Philippines and northern China but later was imprisoned (194344), on charges of subversive thought, in Osaka Military Prison. Noma attracted attention after the war with the novels Kurai e (1946; Dark Painting) and Kao no naka no akai tsuki (1947; A Red Moon in Her Face), both of which present a protagonist's conflict between self-image and carnal desire. The novel Kurai e combined the techniques of Symbolism and the Proletarian Literature Movement, using stream-of-consciousness prose. Shinku chitai conveys a broad view of the Japanese wartime army by tracing the parallel fate of two soldiersa cultured middle-class idealist and a bewildered peasant youth. After 1950 Noma's work employed more straightforward prose. In 1949 he published the first of a multivolume work completed in 1971, Seinen no wa (Ring of Youth), which won the Tanizaki Prize in 1971. Other later works include the autobiographical Waga to wa soko ni tatsu (1961; My Tower Stands There), Shinran (1973), and Sayama saiban (1976; The Sayama Trial). These works, while conveying a deepening interest in Buddhism, also show Noma's continued concern for social causes. He also wrote many critical essays, including discussions of Andr Gide and Jean-Paul Sartre. Noma joined the Communist Party in 1947 but was expelled in 1964.