SHADOWS, THE

London-based instrumental rock group whose distinctive sound exerted a strong influence on young British musicians in the 1960s. The original members were Hank B. Marvin (original name Brian Robson Rankin; b. Oct. 28, 1941, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Eng.), Bruce Welch (original name Bruce Cripps; b. Nov. 2, 1941, Bognor Regis, Sussex), Jet Harris (byname of Terence Harris; b. July 6, 1939, London), and Tony Meehan (byname of Daniel Meehan; b. March 2, 1943, London). Later members included Brian Bennett (b. Feb. 9, 1940, London) and John Rostill (b. June 16, 1942, Birmingham, West Midlandsd. Nov. 26, 1973, England). Formed in 1958 as the Drifters, the foursome became the backing group for Cliff Richard, the British answer to Elvis Presley. A name change to avoid conflict with the American vocal group the Drifters prefaced the release of the first of the Shadows' singles. The group's trademark was the smooth, twangy sound produced by lead guitarist Marvin's lavish use of the tremolo arm of his Fender Stratocaster, an effect that could be made to sound either lyrical or sinister. As the primitive charm of the skiffle era faded, the Shadows showed a generation of embryonic British rockers what to do. Thousands learned to play guitar by imitating the Shadows' hits, which included Apache, F.B.I., and Wonderful Land; many went on to buy their own Stratocasters as the British beat boom took off. The era of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones made the Shadows' music obsolete, and, after parting company with Richard in 1968, the group went on to become a well-loved oldies act. Richard Williams