TURN


Meaning of TURN in English

I. ˈtərn verb

Etymology: Middle English; partly from Old English tyrnan & turnian to turn, from Medieval Latin tornare, from Latin, to turn on a lathe, from tornus lathe, from Greek tornos; partly from Anglo-French turner, tourner to turn, from Medieval Latin tornare; akin to Latin terere to rub — more at throw

Date: before 12th century

transitive verb

1.

a. : to cause to move around an axis or a center : make rotate or revolve

turn a wheel

turn a crank

b.

(1) : to cause to move around so as to effect a desired end (as of locking, opening, or shutting)

turn ed the knob till the door opened

(2) : to affect or alter the functioning of (as a mechanical device) or the level of (as sound) by such movement

turn the oven to 400°

turn the music to full volume

c. : to execute or perform by rotating or revolving

turn handsprings

d. : to twist out of line or shape : wrench

had turn ed his ankle

2.

a.

(1) : to cause to change position by moving through an arc of a circle

turn ed her chair to the fire

(2) : to cause to move around a center so as to show another side of

turn the page

(3) : to cause (as a scale) to move so as to register weight

b. : to revolve mentally : think over : ponder

3.

a. : to reverse the sides or surfaces of : invert

turn pancakes

turn the shirt inside out

as

(1) : to dig or plow so as to bring the lower soil to the surface

turn the compost weekly

(2) : to make (as a garment) over by reversing the material and resewing

turn a collar

(3) : to invert feet up and face down (as a character, rule, or slug) in setting type

b. : to reverse or upset the order or disposition of

everything was turn ed topsy-turvy

c. : to disturb or upset the mental balance of : derange , unsettle

a mind turn ed by grief

d. : to set in another especially contrary direction

4.

a. : to bend or change the course of : divert

a battle that turn ed the tide of history

b. : to cause to retreat

used fire hoses to turn the mob

c. : to alter the drift, tendency, or expected result of

d. : to bend a course around or about : round

turn ed the corner at full speed

5.

a.

(1) : to direct or point (as the face) in a specified way or direction

(2) : to present by a change in direction or position

turn ing his back to his guests

b. : to bring to bear (as by aiming, pointing, or focusing) : train

turn ed the light into the dark doorway

turn ed a questioning eye toward her

c. : to direct (as the attention or mind) toward or away from something

d. : to direct the employment of : apply , devote

turn ed his skills to the service of mankind

e.

(1) : to cause to rebound or recoil

turn s their argument against them

(2) : to make antagonistic : prejudice

turn a child against its mother

f.

(1) : to cause to go in a particular direction

turn ed our steps homeward

(2) : drive , send

turn cows to pasture

turn ing hunters off his land

(3) : to convey or direct out of an inverted receptacle

turn the mixture into a baking dish

6.

a.

(1) : to make acid or sour

(2) : to change the color of (as foliage)

b.

(1) : convert , transform

turn defeat into victory

(2) : translate , paraphrase

c. : to cause to become of a specified nature or appearance

turn ed him into a frog

embarrassment turn ed her face red

d. : to exchange for something else

turn coins into paper money

e. : to cause to defect to another side

7.

a. : to shape especially in a rounded form by applying a cutting tool while revolving in a lathe

b. : to give a rounded form to by any means

turn the heel of a sock

c. : to shape or mold artistically, gracefully, or neatly

a well turn ed phrase

8. : to make a fold, bend, or curve in:

a. : to form by bending

turn a lead pipe

b. : to cause (the edge of a blade) to bend back or over : blunt , dull

9.

a. : to keep (as money or goods) moving ; specifically : to dispose of (a stock) to make room for another

b. : to gain in the course of business

turn ing a quick profit

c. : to make use of

turn ed her education to advantage

d. : to carry to completion : pull off

turn ed a double play

turn a deal

10. : to engage in (an act of prostitution)

turn tricks

intransitive verb

1.

a. : to move around on an axis or through an arc of a circle : rotate

b. : to become giddy or dizzy : spin

heights always made his head turn

c.

(1) : to have as a decisive factor : hinge

the argument turn s on a point of logic

the outcome of the game turn ed on an interception

(2) : to have a center (as of interest) in something specified

the discussion turn ed on the overall worth of the project

(3) : to become focused on something specified

the conversation turn ed to baseball

2.

a. : to direct one's course

b.

(1) : to reverse a course or direction

the tide has turn ed

(2) : to have a reactive usually adverse effect

c. : to take a different course or direction

turn ed toward home

the main road turn s sharply to the right

3.

a. : to change position (as of one's head) so as to face another way

everyone turn ed to stare

b. : to face toward or away from someone or something

flowers turn toward the light

c. : to change one's attitude or reverse one's course of action to one of opposition or hostility

felt the world had turn ed against him

d. : to make a sudden violent assault especially without evident cause

dogs turn ing on their owners

4.

a. : to direct one's attention to or away from someone or something

b.

(1) : to change one's religion

(2) : to go over to another side or party : defect

c. : to have recourse : refer , resort

turn ed to a friend for help

turn ed to his notes for the exact figures

d. : to direct one's efforts or activity : devote or apply oneself

turn ed to the study of the law

turn ed to a life of crime

5.

a. : to become changed, altered, or transformed

the weather turn ed

as

(1) archaic : to become different

(2) : to change color

the leaves have turn ed

(3) : to become sour, rancid, or tainted

the milk had turn ed

(4) : to be variable or inconstant

(5) : to become mentally unbalanced : become deranged

b.

(1) : to pass from one state to another : change

water had turn ed to ice

(2) : become , grow

his hair had turn ed gray

the weather turn ed bad

just turn ed twenty

(3) : to become someone or something specified by change from another state : change into

turn pro

doctors turn ed authors

(4) : to change by the passage of time

days turn ed into weeks and months

6. : to become curved or bent (as from pressure) ; especially : to become blunted by bending

the edge of the knife had turn ed

7. : to operate a lathe

8. of merchandise : to be stocked and disposed of : change hands

• turn·able ˈtər-nə-bəl adjective

- turn a blind eye

- turn a deaf ear

- turn a hair

- turn color

- turn heads

- turn loose

- turn one's back on

- turn one's hand

- turn one's head

- turn one's stomach

- turn tail

- turn the other cheek

- turn the tables

- turn the trick

- turn turtle

II. noun

Etymology: Middle English; partly from Anglo-French tur, tourn turning, circuit (from turner to turn); partly from Middle English turnen to turn

Date: 13th century

1.

a. : the action or an act of turning about a center or axis : revolution , rotation

b. : any of various rotating or pivoting movements in dancing or gymnastics

2.

a. : the action or an act of giving or taking a different direction : change of course or posture

an illegal left turn

as

(1) : a drill maneuver in which troops in mass formation change direction without preserving alignment

(2) : any of various shifts of direction in skiing

(3) : an interruption of a curve in figure skating

b. : deflection , deviation

c. : the action or an act of turning so as to face in the opposite direction : reversal of posture or course

an about turn

the turn of the tide

d. : a change effected by turning over to another side

a turn of the cards

e. : a place at which something turns, turns off, or turns back : bend , curve

3. : a short trip out and back or round about

took a turn through the park

4. : an act or deed affecting another especially when incidental or unexpected

one good turn deserves another

5.

a. : a period of action or activity : go , spell

took a turn at the piano

b. : a place, time, or opportunity accorded an individual or unit of a series in simple succession or in a scheduled order

waiting her turn in line

c. : a period or tour of duty : shift

d. : a short act or piece (as for a variety show) ; also : public appearance : performance

makes frequent guest star turn s

e.

(1) : an event in any gambling game after which bets are settled

(2) : the order of the last three cards in faro — used in the phrase call the turn

6. : something that revolves around a center: as

a.

(1) : lathe

(2) : a catch or latch for a cupboard or cabinet door operated by turning a handle

b. : a musical ornament consisting of a group of four or more notes that wind about the principal note by including the notes next above and next below

7. : a special purpose or requirement — used chiefly in the phrase serve one's turn

8.

a. : an act of changing : alteration , modification

a nasty turn in the weather

b. : a change in tendency, trend, or drift

hoped for a turn in his luck

a turn for the better

an unexpected turn of events

c. : the beginning of a new period of time : the time when one period changes to the next

the turn of the century

9.

a. : distinctive quality or character

b. : a fashioning of language or arrangement of words : manner of expression

skillful turn s of phrase

c. : the shape or mold in which something is fashioned : cast

10.

a. : the state or manner of being coiled or twisted

b. : a single round (as of rope passed about an object or of wire wound on a core)

11. : natural or special ability or aptitude : bent , inclination

a turn for logic

an optimistic turn of mind

12. : a special twist, construction, or interpretation

gave the old yarn a new turn

13.

a. : a disordering spell or attack (as of illness, faintness, or dizziness)

b. : a nervous start or shock

snuck up on her and gave her quite a turn

14.

a. : a complete transaction involving a purchase and sale of securities ; also : a profit from such a transaction

b. : turnover 7b

15. : something turned or to be turned: as

a. : a character or slug inverted in setting type

b. : a piece of type placed bottom up

- at every turn

- by turns

- in turn

- on the turn

- out of turn

- to a turn

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate English vocabulary.      Энциклопедический словарь английского языка Merriam Webster.