NEW YORKER, THE

American weekly magazine, famous for its varied literary fare and humour. The founder, Harold Ross, published the first issue on Feb. 21, 1925, and was the magazine's editor until his death in December 1951. The New Yorker's initial focus was on New York City's amusements and social and cultural life, but the magazine gradually acquired a broader scope that encompassed literature, current affairs, and other topics. The New Yorker became renowned for its short fiction, essays, foreign reportage, and probing biographical studies, as well as its comic drawings and its detailed reviews of cinema, books, theatre, and other arts. The magazine offered a blend of reportage and commentary, short stories and poetry, reviews, and humour to a sophisticated, well-educated, liberal audience. The New Yorker's contributors have included such well-known literary figures as S.J. Perelman, Robert Benchley, Ogden Nash, Wolcott Gibbs, E.B. White, John O'Hara, Edmund Wilson, J.D. Salinger, John Updike, Rebecca West, Dorothy Parker, and Pauline Kael. Among its great cartoonists have been Charles Addams, Helen Hokinson, George Price, James Thurber (a writer as well), Roz Chast, and Rea Irvin, who was the magazine's first art director and the creator of Eustace Tilley, the early American dandy who appeared on the cover of the first issue and on annual covers thereafter. In 1985 The New Yorker was sold to the publisher Samuel I. Newhouse, Jr., this being the first time in its history that the magazine's ownership had changed hands. William Shawn was the magazine's editor in chief from 1952 to 1987, when he was succeeded by Robert Gottlieb, formerly a book editor and executive at Alfred A. Knopf publishers. In 1992 a Briton, Tina Brown, formerly editor of Vanity Fair, replaced Gottlieb. Under Brown's editorship, cosmetic changes to the magazine's traditionally conservative layout were introduced, coverage of popular culture was enhanced, and more photographs were published. The New Yorker continued to attract leading writers and remained among the most influential and widely read American magazines.