I
German Karl
born Oct. 1, 1685, Vienna, Austria
died Oct. 20, 1740, Vienna
Holy Roman emperor (1711–40) and king of Hungary (as Charles III).
Son of Emperor Leopold I , he tried unsuccessfully to claim the Spanish throne (as the pretender Charles III), which caused the War of the Polish Succession (1733–38), and a new conflict with Turkey (1736–39) resulted in the loss of most of the territories gained in 1718. He promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction in an attempt to ensure that his daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him, which led to the War of the Austrian Succession .
II
known as Charles the Well-Beloved or Charles the Mad
born Dec. 3, 1368, Paris, Fr.
died Oct. 21, 1422, Paris
King of France (1380–1422).
Crowned at age 11, he allowed his uncles and advisers to rule France until 1388. He suffered fits of madness from 1392, and royal power waned as the dukes of Burgundy and Orléans grew stronger. The English invasion and victory at the Battle of Agincourt (1415) obliged Charles to sign the Treaty of Troyes (1420), which provided for the marriage of his daughter Catherine of Valois to {{link=Henry">Henry V of England, who was declared regent of France and heir to the French throne.