BURCHFIELD, CHARLES (EPHRAIM)

born April 9, 1893, Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio, U.S. died Jan. 10, 1967, Gardenville, N.Y. U.S. painter known initially for his realistic watercolours of the American scene, and later for his mystically poetic landscapes. From 1912 to 1916 he attended the Cleveland School of Art. He returned to his home in Salem, Ohio, where he had an industrial job and in his spare time painted imaginative watercolours of nature. Following service in World War I, he worked as a wallpaper designer in Buffalo until 1929, when he was able to devote his time to art. During the 1920s and 1930s Burchfield's work was closely associated with that of the painter Edward Hopper in its stress on the loneliness and harshness of American small towns and cities. In November Evening (193134; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City), for example, weather-beaten buildings convey a mood of stark realism. After 1940 Burchfield's style changed, and by the mid-1940s he abandoned realism, returning to his early interest in the personal interpretation of nature. His painting emphasized awe and wonder at the colour, movement, and forms of nature, particularly as associated with the seasons. A notable example of his later style was The Sphinx and the Milky Way (1946; Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, N.Y.).