KINSEY, ALFRED CHARLES

born June 23, 1894, Hoboken, N.J., U.S. died August 25, 1956, Bloomington, Ind. American zoologist and student of human sexual behaviour. Kinsey, a graduate of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine (B.S., 1916), and of Harvard (doctor of science, 1920), taught zoology and botany at Harvard before joining the faculty of Indiana University as an assistant professor of zoology in 1920. He became a full professor in 1929 and director of the university's Institute for Sex Research in 1942; it was renamed the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction in 1982. The institute was sponsored jointly with the university by the Rockefeller Foundation (until 1954) and the National Research Council. Kinsey's inquiries into human sex life led him to found the institute and to publish Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). These reports, based on 18,500 personal interviews, indicated a wide variation in behaviour. Although interviews were carefully conducted and certain statistical criteria met, the studies were criticized because of irregularities in sampling and the general unreliability of personal communication.