STOCK COMPANY

troupe of actors performing regularly in a particular theatre, presenting a different play nightly from its repertory of prepared productions. Stock companies were usually composed of players who specialized in dramatic types such as the tragedian, or leading man; the leading lady; the heavy lead, who played villains; the old woman; the juvenile lead, who played the young lover or heroic roles; the soubrette, or female second lead; and the low comedian. The stock system was used in England from the Elizabethan period. The major cities of the United States, such as New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston, had them from the early 1800s, though the term stock company did not come into use until the mid-19th century, distinguishing the permanent troupes from their competitors, the touring companies. By the end of the 19th century, most of the big-city stock companies had been forced out of business by long-running plays, which proved to be more economical and profitable in the theatres of the large cities. Regional stock companies were unable to compete with touring companies, which brought long-run plays from the capitals to outlying districts. See also repertory theatre.