ROUND


Meaning of ROUND in English

I. ˈrau̇nd verb

( -ed/-ing/-s )

Etymology: Middle English rounen, from Old English rūnian; akin to Old High German rūnēn to whisper, Old Norse rȳna to converse confidentially; all from a prehistoric North Germanic-West Germanic denominative verb from the source of Old English rūn mystery, secret — more at rune

intransitive verb

archaic : whisper

transitive verb

1. : to whisper (something)

2. : to speak to (someone) in a whisper

II. adjective

( usually -er/-est )

Etymology: Middle English round, rounde, from Old French roont, rount (feminine roonde, rounde ) from Latin rotundus; akin to Latin rota wheel — more at roll

1.

a. : having every part of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from a center within : spherical , circular , annular , spiral

b. : circular in cross section : cylindrical

c. : having a curved outline or form especially like the arc of a circle or an ellipse or a part of the surface of a sphere

d. of an arch : having a semicircular intrados — see arch illustration

e. archaic : having a full or circular form — used of a garment

f. of shoulders : bent forward from the line or plane of a person's back

2. : well fleshed : well filled out : plump , shapely

3.

a. : complete , full — used of a number or quantity

a round dozen

a round million men

a round ton of irreclaimable scrap

b. : approximately correct ; especially : exact only to the nearest ten, hundred, or multiple of these

his year's profit was about $5000 as a round figure

c. : substantial in amount : ample , large

will be taken off our hands quickly and at a good round price — T.B.Costain

4.

a. : showing severity or violence : harsh

gave him a round hiding — Ellery Queen

b. : marked by bluntness, directness, or forthrightness : bold , plain , outspoken

asserted with a round oath … that all sergeants were liars — Haldane Macfall

c. : brisk , fast , vigorous

set a round pace — John Buchan

5.

a. : traversing a course that ends at its starting point after retracing itself or making a circuit — used especially in the phrase round trip

b. : moving in or forming a circle — compare round dance

6.

a. : brought to completion or perfection : thoroughly wrought : finished

b. : imaginatively presented or drawn with lifelike fullness or vividness : seen from all sides or in many aspects

the characters and their motives are as round and deep as those we might hope to find in a serious novel — Times Literary Supplement

7. : delivered with a more or less full swing of the arm

a round blow

8. : having full or unimpeded resonance or tone : mellow , rich , sonorous

9. : pronounced with rounded lips : labialized

10. : of or relating to handwriting that is predominantly curved rather than angular

a round schoolboy hand

11. : of or relating to a transaction in securities that includes both buying and selling (as the sale of issues previously bought or a purchase made to cover a short sale)

12. of a fish : not gutted or dressed : entire

III. adverb

Etymology: Middle English round, rounde, from round (II)

1.

a. : in a circular or curved path or progression : in a course that follows a circle, ellipse, orbit, or spiral : around

our plane circled round at dusk — Noel Barber

b. : in close from all sides so as to surround, confine, or ring about

walls and towers girdled round with radiance and splendor — Brooks Atkinson

c. : by a circuitous or curving route : in an indirect or roundabout way

brought the milk round to the back door

did not shine at golf but went round in the middle 80s

d. : to each of a group or number in succession : in turn : in rotation

handed round water in an enamel mug — Margaret Kennedy

cigars enough to go round

2. : on every side : in all or various directions from a fixed point

the peasants round about his father's parish — O.S.J.Gogarty

made frequent excursions in the country round

3. : with revolving or rotating motion

the wheel turns round

4. obsolete : directly , outspokenly

5. : to a place or person either specified or understood

sent round for the doctor

invited them round to meet his guest

called his car round

6. : approximately , nearly

happened at the corner or round there

7. : from beginning to end : through

about 700 workers are employed at the plant the year round — American Guide Series: Maryland

8.

a. : in the reverse or opposite direction : to the rear

turned round in his chair to look

b. : from one opinion or attitude to another : to a different or altered position

see if you can talk me round — Dorothy Sayers

9.

a. : here and there : from one place to another : all about

word got round quickly

b. : over a property to inspect it

showed the visitors round

10. : back to normal health or equilibrium

brought a woman round after a faint

11. : in a series or progression : in order

seemed to be going about things the wrong way round

IV. preposition

1.

a. : so as to progress around or make the circuit of

had the great thrill of flying round Africa — C.B.Randall b.1891

b. : so as to revolve or rotate about (an axis or center)

pointed out that the planets move round the sun in the same direction and nearly in the same plane — H.S.Jones

c. : so as to make a partial circuit of : so as to reach the other side of by a curving course

whether he sailed directly across the bay … or coasted round it is uncertain — Stanley Casson

d. : so as to follow the curving line of : along the bend of

it was a mile by water, four miles round the shore — David Walker

e. : beyond the projection of

it stood just round the corner from his father's house — Van Wyck Brooks

2.

a. : so as to encircle or enclose : on all sides of

the fat thus formed is to be found in large masses … round the kidneys — S.J.Watson

they swarmed close round her to hear — C.S.Forester

pulled her shawl closer round her — T.H.Barnardo

b. : in the vicinity of : adjacent to : near

the lands round the city — Herbert Agar

c. : so as to form a group or mass about

will tend to gather round him the best minds in America — New Republic

a great puddle formed round the hole

d.

(1) : from point to point or from person to person in : here and there in

took his way round the city, passing a discreet word here and a mere look there as he went

refreshes the students' memories by asking a few simple questions round the class — D.H.Spencer

(2) : throughout the extent of : all over : all through

the blood circulates round the body

3.

a. : in all directions from

we cannot measure it by what we see round us — Lewis Galantiere

b. : so as to have a center or basis in

the flame … was yellow on the outside, bluish in the middle, but there was no color round the wick — Stuart Cloete

the biography is centered round the individual — Richard Pares

4.

a. : all during a specified period of time : throughout

the perfect satisfaction which is one equation of love — round the days, the weeks — Ethel Wilson

b. : at about a specified time or season

round 1900 his repute was still untarnished

he had to find gunpowder and guns to keep the army from dissolving round Christmas — Times Literary Supplement

V. noun

( -s )

Etymology: Middle English rounde, from round (II) ; in some senses probably from Middle French or French rond, ronde, from rond (adjective), from Old French roont, rount

1. : something round: as

a. : a spherical object or surface : ball , globe

b.

(1) : a circular area or surface or its circumference : circle , ring

(2) obsolete : crown

and wears upon his baby brow the round and top of sovereignty — Shakespeare

c. : a cylindrical object

maintained a stock of bar steel that included rounds up to 2 1/2 inches in diameter

d. : a circular building, wall, or other structure or a rounded or circular part of one (as a turret)

e. : a knot of people or a circle of things

f. : a topographical circle, bend, or curve

2. : round dance 1

a light fantastic round — John Milton

3. : a polyphonic vocal composition in which three or four voices follow each other around in a canon at the unison or octave : circular canon

4.

a. : a rung of a ladder or of a chair

b. : a round rod constituting a machine part (as a cylindrical bar of a lantern pinion)

c. : a rounded molding

5.

a. : a circling or circuitous path or course

b. : motion in a circle or about a curving track

won his race only with a final fast round of the track

6. : a route or circuit habitually covered: as

a. : the circuit covered by a military watch at a camp or other installation ; also : a military patrol that makes rounds to keep order in a community or to keep sentinels alert

b. : the beat or route regularly covered by a watchman or policeman — usually used in plural

c. Britain : the route of a newspaper delivery boy, milkman, or other vendor

d. : a series of professional calls on patients in a hospital made by a doctor or nurse — usually used in plural

e. : a series of social calls or visits : a routine of social activity

a busy round of dances and parties

f. : a circuit or progression of similar calls or stops

undertook a round of nightclubs after the play

hurriedly made the rounds of his ice cream customers

g. : a line or course by which rumor, news, or other communication spreads among people — often used in plural

rumors calling his solvency in question were going the rounds of the brokerage offices

knew he could expect any gossip that might be going the rounds

h. rounds plural , Britain : a circuit from farm to farm formerly followed by agricultural laborers

7. obsolete : a piece of sculpture modeled in full form unattached to a background

8. : a drink of liquor apiece served at one time to each person in a group

this round is on me

9. : a series or sequence of actions, events, or affairs that recur in routine or repetitive manner

politics exist that men may live the daily round in security — J.M.Cameron

life for them is one round of committees and council meetings — Margaret Stewart

10. : a cycle of time : a period that recurs in a fixed pattern

the round of the hours

the annual round

11.

a. : one shot fired by a weapon or by each man in a military unit : salvo , volley

b. : a unit of ammunition consisting of all the parts (as a projectile, a propellant, an igniting charge, and a primer) necessary in the firing and functioning of one shot

12. : a unit of card play constituted by each player's having had a turn (as in playing a card, receiving a card in the deal, dealing, or betting)

13. : a unit or division of play in a sports contest or game which occupies a stated period of time, covers a prescribed distance, includes a specified number of moves or plays, or gives each player one turn: as

a. : any of various archery events in which a specified number of arrows are shot at prescribed distances

b. : one of the three-minute periods into which a boxing match is divided

c. : the playing of 18 holes of golf or one circuit of the course

d. : a series of 25 shots in trapshooting or skeet

e. : a match in an elimination tournament

14. Britain : a brewer's vessel in which fermentation is carried out

15. : an outburst of applause

took half a dozen curtain calls in response to repeated rounds of applause

16.

a. : a hind leg of beef especially between the rump and the lower leg

a roast round of beef

— see beef illustration

b. : a small beef casing

c. : a slice of food

a round of bread

a round of rolled dough

a round of celeriac root

17. rounds plural : the original striking order of a set of bells in change ringing

the return to rounds concludes a set of changes

18. : a rounded or curved part: as

a. : the shaft of a paddle

b. : the convex backbone or concave fore edge of a book

19. : a group or series of drill holes blasted in sequence in advancing mine working places

20. : an artist's brush having a round tapered point — compare bright , flat

21. : a row in circular needlework (as knitting or crocheting)

- in round

- in the round

- out of round

VI. verb

( -ed/-ing/-s )

Etymology: Middle English rounden, from round (II)

transitive verb

1.

a. : to make circular, spherical, or cylindrical : give a round or convex shape to (as the backbone of a book)

b. : to curve or curl into a ring or ball

had rounded her body into a little circular heap while she slept

c.

(1) : to make (the lips) more or less round and protruded by lessening the distance between the corners of the mouth (as in the pronunciation of ü)

(2) : to pronounce (a vowel or consonant) with rounding of the lips : labialize

2. archaic

a. : to trim (hair) short around the head

b. : to crop the hair of (a person)

c. : to trim the lobe of (a dog's ear)

3.

a. : to go around : make the circuit of

b. : to pass part way around : reach the other side of by a curving course : go about (a point or corner) : double

whenever you round a turn, there's a view — E.W.Smith

the railroad had rounded the hill — American Guide Series: Arkansas

slipped in loose dirt rounding first base — Bob Broeg

4. : to ring about : encircle , encompass , surround

the inclusive verge of golden metal that must round my brow — Shakespeare

5.

a. : to bring to fullness or completion : perfect the form of : finish off

has rounded the characters by giving each a claim for sympathy — Henry Hewes

b. : to bring to perfection of style : polish

music rose from paragraph after rounded paragraph

an epigram rounded the sentence with a flourish

6. : to cause to face about : turn or swing around

with a dexterous swerve he rounded the yawl about — Frederick Way

7. : to express (a number) in briefer or less exact form : state as a round number: as

a. : to drop decimal figures to the right of a specified number of places after increasing the final remaining figure by 1 if the first digit dropped is 5 or greater

11.3572 rounded to three decimals becomes 11.357

9.419 rounded to two decimals is 9.42

b. : to express an an approximate round number rather than as the exact figure

we are rounding all figures to the nearest hundred million — G.V.Cox

8.

a. : to cut (fleshed hides) in sections for treatment : trim

b.

(1) : to cut (sole leather) to required shape with a knife rather than a die

(2) : to cut (the sole of a shoe) to conform to the shape of a last after a sole has been attached

intransitive verb

1. obsolete : to go rounds as a guard or watchman

2.

a. : to become circular or spherical : grow round or plump : attain a shapely form

her body now rounds into womanhood

b. : to reach fullness, adequacy, or completion : develop , grow

the sales campaign he had outlined was now rounding into final shape

the century rounded into its third decade — R.B.Fosdick

3. : to take a curving line or direction : follow a winding course : bend

leaning wide on the turns like jockeys rounding into the home stretch — H.L.Davis

- round on

VII. adjective

of a wine : being well-balanced in taste with fruit flavors more prominent than tannins

• roundness noun

Webster's New International English Dictionary.      Новый международный словарь английского языка Webster.