LAUGHTON, CHARLES

born July 1, 1899, Scarborough, Yorkshire, England died December 15, 1962, Hollywood, California, U.S. gifted British actor and director who defied the Hollywood typecasting system to emerge as one of most versatile performers of his generation. The son of a Yorkshire hotel keeper, Laughton was expected to go into the family business after graduating from Stonyhurst School at age 16. He was instead drawn to performing, and in 1925 he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Making his first professional London stage appearance in a 1926 production of The Government Inspector, he was able to avoid the usual typecasting brought on by a homely face and bulky frame, playing a wide variety of characters both villainous and virtuous. He made his film debut in the two-reel British comedy Bluebottles in 1928, the same year that he met his future wife, actress Elsa Lanchester. He went to New York City in 1931, where he repeated his London stage success in Payment Deferred (1932), and was signed by Paramount Pictures the following year. Cast as a raving lunatic in his first American picture, The Devil and the Deep (1932), he immediately counteracted this image with his portrayal of a good-natured industrialist in The Old Dark House (1932). Shortly afterward he switched gears again to play the depraved Nero in The Sign of the Cross (1932). He returned to England in 1933 to play the title role in The Private Life of Henry VIII, a rich, robust performance that won him an Academy Award. Continuing to play such unpleasant film characters as Javert in Les Misrables (1935) and Captain Bligh in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), he balanced these assignments with such sympathetic roles as the mild-mannered British valet in Ruggles of Red Gap (1935) and the pathetic Quasimodo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939). He even dabbled in broad comedy, most memorably in Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd (1952). Laughton's inclination toward hammy self-indulgence was not universally appreciated by his coworkers, but audiences adored him, excesses and all. Near the end of his career his acting style mellowed considerably, and many observers regard his evenly measured performances in Spartacus (1960) and Advise and Consent (1962) as his finest work. He also proved to be an accomplished film director with the allegorical thriller The Night of the Hunter (1955). Laughton became an American citizen in 1950, shortly after he began to tour extensively with his readers' theatre presentations of George Bernard Shaw's Don Juan in Hell and Stephen Vincent Bent's John Brown's Body. Many of Laughton's best readings have been preserved in audio recordings and in the filmed television series This is Charles Laughton (1953). Laughton also produced and directed the long-running Broadway drama The Caine Mutiny Court Martial (1953). Additional reading Elsa Lanchester, Charles Laughton and I (1968); Simon Callow, Charles Laughton: A Difficult Actor (1987, reissued 1997).