WESLEY, CHARLES

born Dec. 18, 1707, Epworth, Lincolnshire, Eng. died March 29, 1788, London English clergyman, poet, and hymn writer, who, with his elder brother John, started the Methodist movement in the Church of England. The youngest and third surviving son of Samuel and Susanna Wesley, Wesley entered Westminster School, London, in 1716. In 1726 he was elected to Christ Church College, Oxford, where he translated Greek and Latin classics into English verse. During the winter of 172829, he underwent a spiritual awakening and initiated, with two other undergraduates, the Holy Club. In 1735, in order to aid his brother John in a mission to Georgia, he accepted holy orders. Charles was subject to greater extremes of emotion than his brother, and his spiritual despair and physical exhaustion in Georgia led him to return happily to England after only a few months' stay. With the help of the Moravians, like his brother John, he found spiritual peace. On Whitsunday, May 21, 1738, he found himself at peace with God. He became a very eloquent preacher for the Methodist cause and translated the gospel message into hymns, which became important means of evangelism. In 1749 Charles married Sarah Gwynne; two sons and a daughter survived out of eight children born to the marriage. Though Charles was active in Bristol and London, his interference with his brother's proposed marriage to Grace Murray caused an estrangement between the two, and Charles withdrew from active leadership of the Methodist societies. Also, he was more deeply attached to the Church of England and did not approve of John's ordaining preachers. His work as an evangelist and hymn writer for Methodism, however, had already made its permanent mark. He published more than 4,500 hymns and left some 3,000 in manuscript; George Frideric Handel wrote music specifically for some of them. Among Wesley's best known hymns are Love divine, all loves excelling; Hark, the herald angels sing; Christ the Lord is ris'n today; Soldiers of Christ, arise; Rejoice, the Lord is king; and Jesu, lover of my soul. Additional reading An extensive bibliography of the Wesleys' writings may be found in Frank Baker, A Union Catalogue of the Publications of John and Charles Wesley (1966). Selections of Charles's poetry are included in Frank Baker (ed.), Representative Verse of Charles Wesley (1962). The standard life is by Thomas Jackson, 2 vol. (1841); a more recent work is Frederick C. Gill, Charles Wesley (1964). Of the numerous special studies, see especially Frank Baker, Charles Wesley as Revealed in His Letters (1948) and Charles Wesley's Verse (1964).