TOHO MOTION PICTURE COMPANY

leading Japanese motion-picture studio. The company was founded in 1936 by Kobayashi Ichizo, a former businessman who was the creator of an all-girl opera troupe. In 1932 he had organized the Tokyo Takarazuka Theatre Corporation, subsequently acquiring several established theatres and building new and larger ones. His structures housed three or more separate theatres, a model that is still followed in Japan. In 1935 he had gained control of two small companies, the PCL, a studio that had first used modern production methods, and the JO, a company that produced advertising films. The next year the Toho Motion Picture Distribution Corporation was formed to distribute films produced by these two studios. Toho was the foremost Japanese filmmaker during World War II. After the war, however, it experienced severe labour difficulties over unionization. By 1948 Toho had ended production and was acting as a distributor for the films of the Shintoho Company, which had been financed by Toho in 1947. The studio reopened and in the 1950s introduced the first successful Japanese-developed wide-screen process, Tohoscope, similar to the American CinemaScope technique.